/*! normalize.css v3.0.2 | MIT License | git.io/normalize */html{font-family:sans-serif;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0}article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,main,menu,nav,section,summary{display:block}audio,canvas,progress,video{display:inline-block;vertical-align:baseline}audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:0}[hidden],template{display:none}a{background-color:transparent}a:active,a:hover{outline:0}abbr[title]{border-bottom:1px dotted}b,strong{font-weight:bold}dfn{font-style:italic}h1{font-size:2em;margin:0.67em 0}mark{background:#ff0;color:#000}small{font-size:80%}sub,sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}sup{top:-0.5em}sub{bottom:-0.25em}img{border:0}svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden}figure{margin:1em 40px}hr{-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box;height:0}pre{overflow:auto}code,kbd,pre,samp{font-family:monospace, monospace;font-size:1em}button,input,optgroup,select,textarea{color:inherit;font:inherit;margin:0}button{overflow:visible}button,select{text-transform:none}button,html input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"]{-webkit-appearance:button;cursor:pointer}button[disabled],html input[disabled]{cursor:default}button::-moz-focus-inner,input::-moz-focus-inner{border:0;padding:0}input{line-height:normal}input[type="checkbox"],input[type="radio"]{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0}input[type="number"]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,input[type="number"]::-webkit-outer-spin-button{height:auto}input[type="search"]{-webkit-appearance:textfield;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box}input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}fieldset{border:1px solid #c0c0c0;margin:0 2px;padding:0.35em 0.625em 0.75em}legend{border:0;padding:0}textarea{overflow:auto}optgroup{font-weight:bold}table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}td,th{padding:0}.owl-carousel .animated{-webkit-animation-duration:1000ms;animation-duration:1000ms;-webkit-animation-fill-mode:both;animation-fill-mode:both}.owl-carousel .owl-animated-in{z-index:0}.owl-carousel .owl-animated-out{z-index:1}.owl-carousel .fadeOut{-webkit-animation-name:fadeOut;animation-name:fadeOut}@-webkit-keyframes fadeOut{0%{opacity:1}100%{opacity:0}}@keyframes fadeOut{0%{opacity:1}100%{opacity:0}}.owl-height{-webkit-transition:height 500ms ease-in-out;transition:height 500ms ease-in-out}.owl-carousel{display:none;width:100%;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;position:relative;z-index:1}.owl-carousel .owl-stage{position:relative;-ms-touch-action:pan-Y}.owl-carousel .owl-stage:after{content:".";display:block;clear:both;visibility:hidden;line-height:0;height:0}.owl-carousel .owl-stage-outer{position:relative;overflow:hidden;-webkit-transform:translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px)}.owl-carousel .owl-controls .owl-nav .owl-prev,.owl-carousel .owl-controls .owl-nav .owl-next,.owl-carousel .owl-controls .owl-dot{cursor:pointer;cursor:hand;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none}.owl-carousel.owl-loaded{display:block}.owl-carousel.owl-loading{opacity:0;display:block}.owl-carousel.owl-hidden{opacity:0}.owl-carousel .owl-refresh .owl-item{display:none}.owl-carousel .owl-item{position:relative;min-height:1px;float:left;-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;-webkit-touch-callout:none;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none}.owl-carousel .owl-item img{display:block;width:100%;-webkit-transform-style:preserve-3d}.owl-carousel.owl-text-select-on .owl-item{-webkit-user-select:auto;-moz-user-select:auto;-ms-user-select:auto;user-select:auto}.owl-carousel .owl-grab{cursor:move;cursor:-webkit-grab;cursor:-o-grab;cursor:-ms-grab;cursor:grab}.owl-carousel .owl-rtl{direction:rtl}.owl-carousel .owl-rtl .owl-item{float:right}.no-js .owl-carousel{display:block}.owl-carousel .owl-item .owl-lazy{opacity:0;-webkit-transition:opacity 400ms ease;transition:opacity 400ms ease}.owl-carousel .owl-item img{-webkit-transform-style:preserve-3d;transform-style:preserve-3d}.owl-carousel .owl-video-wrapper{position:relative;height:100%;background:#000}.owl-carousel .owl-video-play-icon{position:absolute;height:80px;width:80px;left:50%;top:50%;margin-left:-40px;margin-top:-40px;background: url(5a8c8afbb00830ccdde48e3851e3e8763542944c.png)  no-repeat;cursor:pointer;z-index:1;-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;-webkit-transition:scale 100ms ease;transition:scale 100ms ease}.owl-carousel .owl-video-play-icon:hover{-webkit-transition:scale(1.3, 1.3);transition:scale(1.3, 1.3)}.owl-carousel .owl-video-playing .owl-video-tn,.owl-carousel .owl-video-playing .owl-video-play-icon{display:none}.owl-carousel .owl-video-tn{opacity:0;height:100%;background-position:center center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;-webkit-transition:opacity 400ms ease;transition:opacity 400ms ease}.owl-carousel .owl-video-frame{position:relative;z-index:1}html{height:100%;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}*,*:after,*:before{-webkit-box-sizing:inherit;box-sizing:inherit}body{font:100%/1.5 "Benton Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;color:#333;height:100%;background:#fff}ol,ul{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}.debug{outline:1px solid rgba(255,0,255,0.5);background:rgba(255,0,255,0.1)}.cf:after,.clearfix:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}.is-hidden{display:none;visibility:hidden}.is-vishidden,.is-visually-hidden,.mejs-offscreen,.screen-reader-text .element-invisible{position:absolute !important;overflow:hidden;width:0px !important;height:0px !important;max-width:1px !important;max-height:1px !important;margin:0 !important;padding:0 !important;border:0 !important;border:0;clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.align-right{max-width:50%;float:right;margin:15px 0 15px 30px}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.align-left{float:left;margin:15px 30px 15px 0;max-width:50%}}a{color:#37588A;text-decoration:none}.hidden{display:none !important}.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);border:0}a{color:#37588A;text-decoration:none;outline:0}a:hover,a:focus{color:gray}p{margin:15px 0;width:100%}p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.priority-2 p,p.priority-2{font-size:.825rem;margin:7.5px 0;line-height:1.3}p.standout{font-weight:bold;font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}p.minor,.minor p{color:#666;font-size:.75rem;margin-top:0}h2+.minor{margin-top:-15px}blockquote{font-style:italic;border-left:1px solid gray;color:gray;padding-left:15px;margin-bottom:15px}hr{border:0;height:2px;background:#b3b3b3;margin:30px 0}abbr{border-bottom:1px dotted gray;cursor:help}mark{font-weight:bold;background:#e0dbd5}.font-secondary{font-family:Georgia,Times,"Times New Roman",serif}.list-plain{list-style:none;margin-left:0;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 0 100%;flex:1 0 100%}.list-bulleted,.podcast-options,.media__links{list-style:disc;margin-left:22.5px;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 0 100%;flex:1 0 100%}dl{overflow:hidden;margin:0 0 15px}dt{font-weight:bold}dd{margin-left:0}.list-meta{list-style:disc;padding-left:15px;font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:bold}.list-meta.priority-2{font-size:.875rem}.podcast-options,.media__links{font-size:.75rem}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.podcast-options,.media__links{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;list-style:none;margin:15px 0}.podcast-options li,.media__links li{border-right:1px solid #ccc;line-height:1}.podcast-options li:last-child,.media__links li:last-child{border-right:0}.podcast-options a,.media__links a{display:block;padding:0 7.5px}.podcast-options a:hover,.media__links a:hover{color:#999}.podcast-options li:last-child a,.media__links li:last-child a{border-right:0;padding-right:0}.podcast-options li,.media__links li{padding:0 15px 0 15px}.podcast-options li:first-child,.media__links li:first-child{padding-left:0}.podcast-options a,.media__links a{padding:0}}.list-nobull,.article__body .list-nobull,.article__foot .list-nobull{list-style:none}.list-comma,.highwire-markup .kwd-group{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline}.list-comma li,.highwire-markup .kwd-group li{list-style:none;display:inline}.list-comma li:not(:last-child):after,.highwire-markup .kwd-group li:not(:last-child):after{content:", "}.list-comma[data-prefix-with]:before,.highwire-markup [data-prefix-with].kwd-group:before{content:attr(data-prefix-with);color:#333}.list-compact{margin:15px 0;font-size:.875rem;color:#4d4d4d}@media (min-width: 35.5rem){.list-compact{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}}.list-compact a{border-right:0;font-weight:normal}.list-compact li:last-child{margin-right:0}@media (min-width: 30rem){.list-compact li{padding:0 15px 0 0}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.list-compact li{padding:0 30px 0 0}}.list-compact.standout{font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.list-compact.standout a{font-weight:bold}.list-compact.reverse{-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;text-align:right}@media (min-width: 30rem){.list-compact.reverse li{padding:0 0 0 15px}}.list-simple{font-size:.9375rem}.list-simple li{margin:7.5px 0}.item-list,.highwire-toc-list,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by,.highwire-list-index-by-author,.highwire-search-results-list{margin:0;list-style:none;min-width:0%}.item-list>li,.highwire-toc-list>li,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li,.highwire-list-index-by-author>li,.highwire-search-results-list>li{border-top:1px solid #e6e6e6;padding:30px 0;min-width:0%}.item-list>li:after,.highwire-toc-list>li:after,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li:after,.highwire-list-index-by-author>li:after,.highwire-search-results-list>li:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}.item-list>li>*,.highwire-toc-list>li>*,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li>*,.highwire-list-index-by-author>li>*,.highwire-search-results-list>li>*{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0}.item-list>li:first-child,.highwire-toc-list>li:first-child,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li:first-child,.highwire-list-index-by-author>li:first-child,.highwire-search-results-list>li:first-child{padding-top:30px;border-top:0}.item-list>li:last-child,.highwire-toc-list>li:last-child,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li:last-child,.highwire-list-index-by-author>li:last-child,.highwire-search-results-list>li:last-child{margin-bottom:15px;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6}.item-list+.item-list>li:first-child,.highwire-toc-list+.item-list>li:first-child,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by+.item-list>li:first-child,.highwire-list-index-by-author+.item-list>li:first-child,.highwire-search-results-list+.item-list>li:first-child,.item-list+.highwire-toc-list>li:first-child,.highwire-toc-list+.highwire-toc-list>li:first-child,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by+.highwire-toc-list>li:first-child,.highwire-list-index-by-author+.highwire-toc-list>li:first-child,.highwire-search-results-list+.highwire-toc-list>li:first-child,.item-list+.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li:first-child,.highwire-toc-list+.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li:first-child,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by+.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li:first-child,.highwire-list-index-by-author+.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li:first-child,.highwire-search-results-list+.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li:first-child,.item-list+.highwire-list-index-by-author>li:first-child,.highwire-toc-list+.highwire-list-index-by-author>li:first-child,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by+.highwire-list-index-by-author>li:first-child,.highwire-list-index-by-author+.highwire-list-index-by-author>li:first-child,.highwire-search-results-list+.highwire-list-index-by-author>li:first-child,.item-list+.highwire-search-results-list>li:first-child,.highwire-toc-list+.highwire-search-results-list>li:first-child,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by+.highwire-search-results-list>li:first-child,.highwire-list-index-by-author+.highwire-search-results-list>li:first-child,.highwire-search-results-list+.highwire-search-results-list>li:first-child{margin-top:0;padding-top:0;border-top:0}.headline-list>li,.media-list>.issue-month-detail>li{border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6;padding:15px 0;font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.headline-list{width:100%;line-height:1.2;font-size:1rem}.headline-list>li:first-child{padding-top:0}.headline-list>li:last-child{padding-bottom:0;border-bottom:0}.headline-list a{font-weight:bold}img,video,object,svg{max-width:100%;height:auto}figure{margin:0 0 15px 0}figure img{margin-bottom:7.5px}.figure__options,figcaption{font-size:0.75rem}.fig-label,.caption-title{font-weight:bold}fieldset{border:0;padding:0;margin:0}button,input,select,textarea{font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;margin:0}input[disabled]{background-color:#f2f2f2}.field-container{margin-bottom:15px}@media (min-width: 30rem){.field-container{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;-webkit-box-align:end;-ms-flex-align:end;align-items:flex-end}}.field-container--inline{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%}.field-container--inline .btn,.field-container--inline button,.field-container--inline input[type=submit]{width:auto;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0}.flexboxtweener .field-container--inline{display:block;position:relative}.flexboxtweener .field-container--inline:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}.flexboxtweener .field-container--inline .btn,.flexboxtweener .field-container--inline button,.flexboxtweener .field-container--inline input[type=submit]{float:right;top:0;bottom:0;position:absolute;right:0}input[type=radio]{display:inline-block}input[type="color"],input[type="date"],input[type="datetime"],input[type="datetime-local"],input[type="email"],input[type="month"],input[type="number"],input[type="password"],input[type="search"],input[type="tel"],input[type="text"],input[type="time"],input[type="url"],input[type="week"],textarea{-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;border-radius:0;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;border:1px solid #b3b3b3;padding:7.5px 0.65rem;display:inline;width:100%;max-width:100%}.inline-form fieldset input[type="color"],.inline-form fieldset input[type="date"],.inline-form fieldset input[type="datetime"],.inline-form fieldset input[type="datetime-local"],.inline-form fieldset input[type="email"],.inline-form fieldset input[type="month"],.inline-form fieldset input[type="number"],.inline-form fieldset input[type="password"],.inline-form fieldset input[type="search"],.inline-form fieldset input[type="tel"],.inline-form fieldset input[type="text"],.inline-form fieldset input[type="time"],.inline-form fieldset input[type="url"],.inline-form fieldset input[type="week"],.inline-form fieldset textarea{width:auto}.priority-2 input[type="color"],.priority-2 input[type="date"],.priority-2 input[type="datetime"],.priority-2 input[type="datetime-local"],.priority-2 input[type="email"],.priority-2 input[type="month"],.priority-2 input[type="number"],.priority-2 input[type="password"],.priority-2 input[type="search"],.priority-2 input[type="tel"],.priority-2 input[type="text"],.priority-2 input[type="time"],.priority-2 input[type="url"],.priority-2 input[type="week"],.priority-2 textarea{font-size:.825rem;padding:3.75px}@media (min-width: 30rem){.field-container>input,.field-container>select{width:70%}}@media (min-width: 35.5rem){.field-container>input,.field-container>select{width:80%}}input[type="checkbox"]{position:relative;margin-right:.75em;font-size:1rem;outline:none}input[type="checkbox"]:after{position:absolute;top:-.1rem;left:0;display:inline-block;content:" ";border:1px solid #c8bdb3;width:1em;height:1em;background:#f2f2f2;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 0 1px white inset;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px white inset}input[type="checkbox"]:checked:before{content:"\2713";font-family:Arial;position:absolute;z-index:1;font-size:1.4rem;line-height:.5;left:.1rem}input[type="checkbox"]:checked:after{-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 0 1px white inset;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px white inset;overflow:visible}input[type="radio"]{width:auto;margin:0 0.3em}input[type="search"]{-webkit-appearance:none;border-radius:0}input[type="search"]{-webkit-appearance:none;border-radius:0}input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}label,.fieldset-description{display:block;padding:0;line-height:1.2;font-size:.875rem}@media (min-width: 30rem){.field-container>label,.field-container>.fieldset-description{width:30%;text-align:right;padding-right:15px}}@media (min-width: 35.5rem){.field-container>label,.field-container>.fieldset-description{width:20%}}.form-inline label,.form-inline .fieldset-description{display:block;width:100%;padding-bottom:7.5px}.description{color:gray;margin:0}input+.description,select+.description,textarea+.description{margin-top:7.5px}.field-container label ~ .description,.field-container .fieldset-description ~ .description{display:block;width:100%}@media (min-width: 30rem){.field-container label ~ .description,.field-container .fieldset-description ~ .description{margin-left:30%}}@media (min-width: 35.5rem){.field-container label ~ .description,.field-container .fieldset-description ~ .description{margin-left:20%}}.form-type-checkbox,.form-type-radio{margin:7.5px 0}.form-type-checkbox:last-child,.form-type-radio:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.form-options-inline .form-type-checkbox,.form-options-inline .form-type-radio{display:inline-block;margin:0 7.5px 0 0;vertical-align:bottom}.form-options-inline .form-type-checkbox:last-child,.form-options-inline .form-type-radio:last-child{margin-right:0}input.parsley-error{border:1px solid #a94442;background:#f2dede;-webkit-transition:.2s all ease-in-out;transition:.2s all ease-in-out}input.parsley-success{border:1px solid #2c572d;background:#dff0d8;-webkit-transition:.2s all ease-in-out;transition:.2s all ease-in-out}.parsley-errors-list,.article__body .parsley-errors-list{text-align:right;list-style:none;display:block;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 0 100%;flex:1 0 100%;font-size:.875rem;color:#a94442;margin:0}.parsley-errors-list li,.article__body .parsley-errors-list li{-webkit-transition:.2s all ease-in-out;transition:.2s all ease-in-out}.parsley-errors-list li:first-of-type,.article__body .parsley-errors-list li:first-of-type{margin-top:0}table{width:100%;table-layout:fixed}tr{background:#fff}tr:nth-child(even){background:#f7f5f0}tfoot tr{border-bottom:0}th{text-align:left;padding:.5em}td{padding:.5em}.datatable{width:100%;display:block}.datatable tfoot,.datatable thead{display:none}.datatable tbody{display:block;width:100%}.datatable tr{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-align:start;-ms-flex-align:start;align-items:flex-start;background:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.datatable td{width:100%;display:block;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6}.datatable td:last-child{border-bottom:none}.datatable .cell-heading{display:block;font-size:.75em;color:#b3b3b3;font-weight:normal}.datatable .cell-content{display:block;width:100%;max-width:75%}@media (min-width: 30rem){.datatable .cell-heading{font-weight:bold;color:#000;display:inline-block;float:left;min-width:25%;max-width:25%;font-size:1em;padding-right:1em}.datatable .cell-content{float:left;display:block;width:100%;max-width:75%}}@media (min-width: 35.5rem){.datatable{display:table;table-layout:fixed}.datatable thead{display:table-header-group}.datatable tfoot{display:table-footer-group}.datatable tbody{display:table-row-group}.datatable th{text-align:left;padding:.5em}.datatable tr{display:table-row;border-bottom:none}.datatable tr:nth-child(even){background:#f7f5f0}.datatable td{width:auto;display:table-cell;padding:.5em;border-bottom:none}.datatable td:nth-child(even){background:transparent}.datatable .cell-heading{display:none}}.demo-animate{background:#ddd;padding:1rem;margin-bottom:1rem;text-align:center}.animate-move{position:relative}.animate-move .demo-shape{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;width:20px;z-index:1}.animate-move:hover>.demo-shape{left:100%;margin-left:-20px}.animate-fade{-webkit-transition:opacity 0.2s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.2s ease-out}.animate-fade:hover{opacity:0}.animate-move>.demo-shape{-webkit-transition:left 0.8s ease-in-out;transition:left 0.8s ease-in-out}.overline,.ui-widget-header,.ctools-collapsible-handle,.highwire-markup .compilation-overline{color:#ca2015;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:.75rem;font-weight:bold;font-family:"Benton Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.5em}.row--alt .overline,.row--alt .ui-widget-header,.row--alt .ctools-collapsible-handle,.row--alt .highwire-markup .compilation-overline,.highwire-markup .row--alt .compilation-overline,.box-standout .overline,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text .overline,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract .overline,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured .overline,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary .overline,.issue-toc-section-special-issue .overline,.box-standout .ui-widget-header,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text .ui-widget-header,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract .ui-widget-header,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured .ui-widget-header,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary .ui-widget-header,.issue-toc-section-special-issue .ui-widget-header,.box-standout .ctools-collapsible-handle,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text .ctools-collapsible-handle,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract .ctools-collapsible-handle,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured .ctools-collapsible-handle,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary .ctools-collapsible-handle,.issue-toc-section-special-issue .ctools-collapsible-handle,.box-standout .highwire-markup .compilation-overline,.highwire-markup .box-standout .compilation-overline,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text .compilation-overline,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract .compilation-overline,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured .compilation-overline,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary .compilation-overline,.issue-toc-section-special-issue .highwire-markup .compilation-overline,.highwire-markup .issue-toc-section-special-issue .compilation-overline{color:gray}.overline a,.ui-widget-header a,.ctools-collapsible-handle a,.highwire-markup .compilation-overline a{color:inherit}.overline a:hover,.ui-widget-header a:hover,.ctools-collapsible-handle a:hover,.highwire-markup .compilation-overline a:hover,.overline a:focus,.ui-widget-header a:focus,.ctools-collapsible-handle a:focus,.highwire-markup .compilation-overline a:focus{color:gray}.overline__subject{border-left:1px solid #e6e6e6;color:#666;font-weight:normal;padding-left:0.5rem;margin-left:0.5rem}h1,.alpha{font-size:2rem;line-height:1.2;font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;margin:0 0 15px 0}h2,.beta,.opportunity-challenge-login h3:first-child,.opportunity-challenge-institution>h3:first-child,.fig-data-group-title{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.2;font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.article__body h2,.article__foot h2,.article__body .beta,.article__body .opportunity-challenge-login h3:first-child,.opportunity-challenge-login .article__body h3:first-child,.article__body .opportunity-challenge-institution>h3:first-child,.article__body .fig-data-group-title,.article__foot .beta,.article__foot .opportunity-challenge-login h3:first-child,.opportunity-challenge-login .article__foot h3:first-child,.article__foot .opportunity-challenge-institution>h3:first-child,.article__foot .fig-data-group-title{color:#333}.static__content h2,.static__content .beta,.static__content .opportunity-challenge-login h3:first-child,.opportunity-challenge-login .static__content h3:first-child,.static__content .opportunity-challenge-institution>h3:first-child,.static__content .fig-data-group-title{color:#333;font-family:"Benton Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}h3,.gamma{font-size:1.1875rem;line-height:1.2;font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;margin-bottom:0}h4,.delta{font-size:1rem;font-family:"Benton Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}h5,.epsilon{font-size:.875rem;font-family:"Benton Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}h6,.zeta{font-size:.75rem;font-family:"Benton Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.subsection-title,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-heading:first-child,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-section>li:first-child>.toc-heading:first-child,.tabbed--primary li.active a{color:#ca2015;font-size:1.25rem;font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}@media (min-width: 48rem){.subsection-title,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-heading:first-child,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-section>li:first-child>.toc-heading:first-child,.tabbed--primary li.active a{font-size:1.5rem}}.subsection-title,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-heading:first-child,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-section>li:first-child>.toc-heading:first-child{margin:15px 0 7.5px 0;line-height:1}@media (min-width: 48rem){.subsection-title,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-heading:first-child,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-section>li:first-child>.toc-heading:first-child{margin:22.5px 0 7.5px 0}}.subsection-title:first-child,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-heading:first-child,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-section>li:first-child>.toc-heading:first-child{margin-top:0}.subsection-title a,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-heading:first-child a,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-section>li:first-child>.toc-heading:first-child a{color:#37588A;font-size:1rem;margin-left:15px}@media (min-width: 48rem){.subsection-title a,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-heading:first-child a,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-section>li:first-child>.toc-heading:first-child a{font-size:1.125rem}}.subsection-title+.media,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-heading:first-child+.media,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-section>li:first-child>.toc-heading:first-child+.media{padding-top:0}.primary:first-of-type .subsection-title,.primary:first-of-type .issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-heading:first-child,.primary:first-of-type .issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-section>li:first-child>.toc-heading:first-child{margin-top:0}html{height:100%;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}*,*:after,*:before{-webkit-box-sizing:inherit;box-sizing:inherit}body{font:100%/1.5 "Benton Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;color:#333;height:100%;background:#fff}ol,ul{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}.debug{outline:1px solid rgba(255,0,255,0.5);background:rgba(255,0,255,0.1)}.cf:after,.clearfix:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}.is-hidden{display:none;visibility:hidden}.is-vishidden,.is-visually-hidden,.mejs-offscreen,.screen-reader-text .element-invisible{position:absolute !important;overflow:hidden;width:0px !important;height:0px !important;max-width:1px !important;max-height:1px !important;margin:0 !important;padding:0 !important;border:0 !important;border:0;clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.align-right{max-width:50%;float:right;margin:15px 0 15px 30px}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.align-left{float:left;margin:15px 30px 15px 0;max-width:50%}}a{color:#37588A;text-decoration:none}.hidden{display:none !important}.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);border:0}a{color:#37588A;text-decoration:none;outline:0}a:hover,a:focus{color:gray}p{margin:15px 0;width:100%}p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.priority-2 p,p.priority-2{font-size:.825rem;margin:7.5px 0;line-height:1.3}p.standout{font-weight:bold;font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}p.minor,.minor p{color:#666;font-size:.75rem;margin-top:0}h2+.minor{margin-top:-15px}blockquote{font-style:italic;border-left:1px solid gray;color:gray;padding-left:15px;margin-bottom:15px}hr{border:0;height:2px;background:#b3b3b3;margin:30px 0}abbr{border-bottom:1px dotted gray;cursor:help}mark{font-weight:bold;background:#e0dbd5}.font-secondary{font-family:Georgia,Times,"Times New Roman",serif}.item-list,.highwire-toc-list,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by,.highwire-list-index-by-author,.highwire-search-results-list,.headline-list{margin:0;list-style:none;min-width:0%}.item-list>li,.highwire-toc-list>li,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li,.highwire-list-index-by-author>li,.highwire-search-results-list>li,.headline-list>li{border-top:1px solid #e6e6e6;padding:15px 0;min-width:0%}.item-list>li:after,.highwire-toc-list>li:after,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li:after,.highwire-list-index-by-author>li:after,.highwire-search-results-list>li:after,.headline-list>li:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}.box-standout .item-list>li,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text .item-list>li,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract .item-list>li,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured .item-list>li,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary .item-list>li,.issue-toc-section-special-issue .item-list>li,.box-standout .highwire-toc-list>li,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text .highwire-toc-list>li,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract .highwire-toc-list>li,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured .highwire-toc-list>li,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary .highwire-toc-list>li,.issue-toc-section-special-issue .highwire-toc-list>li,.box-standout .highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text .highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract .highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured .highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary .highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li,.issue-toc-section-special-issue .highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li,.box-standout .highwire-list-index-by-author>li,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text .highwire-list-index-by-author>li,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract .highwire-list-index-by-author>li,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured .highwire-list-index-by-author>li,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary .highwire-list-index-by-author>li,.issue-toc-section-special-issue .highwire-list-index-by-author>li,.box-standout .highwire-search-results-list>li,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text .highwire-search-results-list>li,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract .highwire-search-results-list>li,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured .highwire-search-results-list>li,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary .highwire-search-results-list>li,.issue-toc-section-special-issue .highwire-search-results-list>li,.box-standout .headline-list>li,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text .headline-list>li,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract .headline-list>li,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured .headline-list>li,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary .headline-list>li,.issue-toc-section-special-issue .headline-list>li{border-top-color:#ccc}.item-list>li>*:not([class^="box"]),.highwire-toc-list>li>*:not([class^="box"]),.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li>*:not([class^="box"]),.highwire-list-index-by-author>li>*:not([class^="box"]),.highwire-search-results-list>li>*:not([class^="box"]),.headline-list>li>*:not([class^="box"]){margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0}.item-list>li:first-child,.highwire-toc-list>li:first-child,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li:first-child,.highwire-list-index-by-author>li:first-child,.highwire-search-results-list>li:first-child,.headline-list>li:first-child{padding-top:0;border-top:0}.item-list>li:last-child,.highwire-toc-list>li:last-child,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li:last-child,.highwire-list-index-by-author>li:last-child,.highwire-search-results-list>li:last-child,.headline-list>li:last-child{padding-bottom:0}.item-list+.item-list>li:first-child,.highwire-toc-list+.item-list>li:first-child,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by+.item-list>li:first-child,.highwire-list-index-by-author+.item-list>li:first-child,.highwire-search-results-list+.item-list>li:first-child,.item-list+.highwire-toc-list>li:first-child,.highwire-toc-list+.highwire-toc-list>li:first-child,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by+.highwire-toc-list>li:first-child,.highwire-list-index-by-author+.highwire-toc-list>li:first-child,.highwire-search-results-list+.highwire-toc-list>li:first-child,.item-list+.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li:first-child,.highwire-toc-list+.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li:first-child,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by+.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li:first-child,.highwire-list-index-by-author+.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li:first-child,.highwire-search-results-list+.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li:first-child,.item-list+.highwire-list-index-by-author>li:first-child,.highwire-toc-list+.highwire-list-index-by-author>li:first-child,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by+.highwire-list-index-by-author>li:first-child,.highwire-list-index-by-author+.highwire-list-index-by-author>li:first-child,.highwire-search-results-list+.highwire-list-index-by-author>li:first-child,.item-list+.highwire-search-results-list>li:first-child,.highwire-toc-list+.highwire-search-results-list>li:first-child,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by+.highwire-search-results-list>li:first-child,.highwire-list-index-by-author+.highwire-search-results-list>li:first-child,.highwire-search-results-list+.highwire-search-results-list>li:first-child,.headline-list+.item-list>li:first-child,.headline-list+.highwire-toc-list>li:first-child,.headline-list+.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li:first-child,.headline-list+.highwire-list-index-by-author>li:first-child,.headline-list+.highwire-search-results-list>li:first-child,.item-list+.headline-list>li:first-child,.highwire-toc-list+.headline-list>li:first-child,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by+.headline-list>li:first-child,.highwire-list-index-by-author+.headline-list>li:first-child,.highwire-search-results-list+.headline-list>li:first-child,.headline-list+.headline-list>li:first-child{margin-top:0;padding-top:0;border-top:0}.item-list--decimal,.headline-list--decimal{counter-reset:popularNum}.item-list--decimal li,.headline-list--decimal li{color:#37588A;font-weight:bold;counter-increment:popularNum}.item-list--decimal .media__headline:before,.item-list--decimal .highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .highwire-cite-title:before,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .item-list--decimal .highwire-cite-title:before,.headline-list--decimal .media__headline:before,.headline-list--decimal .highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .highwire-cite-title:before,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .headline-list--decimal .highwire-cite-title:before{content:counter(popularNum) ". ";padding-right:.5em}.item-list article>h3:not(.overline):not(.ui-widget-header):not(.ctools-collapsible-handle):not(.highwire-markup .compilation-overline),.highwire-toc-list article>h3:not(.overline):not(.ui-widget-header):not(.ctools-collapsible-handle):not(.highwire-markup .compilation-overline),.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by article>h3:not(.overline):not(.ui-widget-header):not(.ctools-collapsible-handle):not(.highwire-markup .compilation-overline),.highwire-list-index-by-author article>h3:not(.overline):not(.ui-widget-header):not(.ctools-collapsible-handle):not(.highwire-markup .compilation-overline),.highwire-search-results-list article>h3:not(.overline):not(.ui-widget-header):not(.ctools-collapsible-handle):not(.highwire-markup .compilation-overline),.headline-list article>h3:not(.overline):not(.ui-widget-header):not(.ctools-collapsible-handle):not(.highwire-markup .compilation-overline){font-size:.875rem}@media (min-width: 48rem){.item-list article>h3:not(.overline):not(.ui-widget-header):not(.ctools-collapsible-handle):not(.highwire-markup .compilation-overline),.highwire-toc-list article>h3:not(.overline):not(.ui-widget-header):not(.ctools-collapsible-handle):not(.highwire-markup .compilation-overline),.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by article>h3:not(.overline):not(.ui-widget-header):not(.ctools-collapsible-handle):not(.highwire-markup .compilation-overline),.highwire-list-index-by-author article>h3:not(.overline):not(.ui-widget-header):not(.ctools-collapsible-handle):not(.highwire-markup .compilation-overline),.highwire-search-results-list article>h3:not(.overline):not(.ui-widget-header):not(.ctools-collapsible-handle):not(.highwire-markup .compilation-overline),.headline-list article>h3:not(.overline):not(.ui-widget-header):not(.ctools-collapsible-handle):not(.highwire-markup .compilation-overline){font-size:1.125rem}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.item-list article>h3:not(.overline):not(.ui-widget-header):not(.ctools-collapsible-handle):not(.highwire-markup .compilation-overline),.highwire-toc-list article>h3:not(.overline):not(.ui-widget-header):not(.ctools-collapsible-handle):not(.highwire-markup .compilation-overline),.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by article>h3:not(.overline):not(.ui-widget-header):not(.ctools-collapsible-handle):not(.highwire-markup .compilation-overline),.highwire-list-index-by-author article>h3:not(.overline):not(.ui-widget-header):not(.ctools-collapsible-handle):not(.highwire-markup .compilation-overline),.highwire-search-results-list article>h3:not(.overline):not(.ui-widget-header):not(.ctools-collapsible-handle):not(.highwire-markup .compilation-overline),.headline-list article>h3:not(.overline):not(.ui-widget-header):not(.ctools-collapsible-handle):not(.highwire-markup .compilation-overline){font-size:1.1875rem}}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.item-list article>h3:not(.overline):not(.ui-widget-header):not(.ctools-collapsible-handle):not(.highwire-markup .compilation-overline),.highwire-toc-list article>h3:not(.overline):not(.ui-widget-header):not(.ctools-collapsible-handle):not(.highwire-markup .compilation-overline),.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by article>h3:not(.overline):not(.ui-widget-header):not(.ctools-collapsible-handle):not(.highwire-markup .compilation-overline),.highwire-list-index-by-author article>h3:not(.overline):not(.ui-widget-header):not(.ctools-collapsible-handle):not(.highwire-markup .compilation-overline),.highwire-search-results-list article>h3:not(.overline):not(.ui-widget-header):not(.ctools-collapsible-handle):not(.highwire-markup .compilation-overline),.headline-list article>h3:not(.overline):not(.ui-widget-header):not(.ctools-collapsible-handle):not(.highwire-markup .compilation-overline){font-size:1.3125rem}}.headline-list>li>a{font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:.875rem}@media (min-width: 48rem){.headline-list>li>a{font-size:1.125rem}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.headline-list>li>a{font-size:1rem}}.list-inline,.podcast-options{font-size:.75rem;list-style:disc;margin:0 0 0 22.5px}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.list-inline,.podcast-options{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;list-style:none;margin:0}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.list-inline li:not(:first-child),.podcast-options li:not(:first-child){border-left:1px solid #e6e6e6;padding-left:7.5px}.list-inline li:not(:last-child),.podcast-options li:not(:last-child){padding-right:7.5px}}.headline-list__outer-lead+.item-list,.headline-list__outer-lead+.highwire-toc-list,.headline-list__outer-lead+.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by,.headline-list__outer-lead+.highwire-list-index-by-author,.headline-list__outer-lead+.highwire-search-results-list{border-top:1px solid #e6e6e6;margin-top:15px;padding-top:15px}.list-comma,.highwire-markup .kwd-group{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline}.list-comma li,.highwire-markup .kwd-group li{list-style:none;display:inline}.list-comma li:not(:last-child):after,.highwire-markup .kwd-group li:not(:last-child):after{content:", "}.list-comma[data-prefix-with]:before,.highwire-markup [data-prefix-with].kwd-group:before{content:attr(data-prefix-with);color:#333}.list-compact{margin:15px 0;font-size:.875rem;color:#4d4d4d}.list-compact:last-child{margin-bottom:0}@media (min-width: 35.5rem){.list-compact{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}}.list-compact a{border-right:0;font-weight:normal}.list-compact li:last-child{margin-right:0}@media (min-width: 30rem){.list-compact li{padding:0 15px 0 0}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.list-compact li{padding:0 30px 0 0}}.list-compact.standout{font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.list-compact.standout a{font-weight:bold}.list-compact.reverse{-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;text-align:right}@media (min-width: 30rem){.list-compact.reverse li{padding:0 0 0 15px}}.contributor-list__contributor{display:inline}.contributor-list__contributor .footnote-link{font-weight:normal}.affiliation-list{font-size:0.75rem;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0}.affiliation-list p{margin:0}.affiliation-list-reveal{font-size:0.75rem;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0}.affiliation-list-reveal p{margin:0}.corresp-list{font-size:0.75rem;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0}.corresp-list p{margin:0}.author-notes{font-size:0.75rem;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0}.author-notes p{margin:0}.ref-cit{display:inline}.cit-list{font-size:0.875rem;font-weight:normal;list-style-type:decimal;margin-left:1.5rem}.cit-metadata,.cit-extra{display:inline}.cit-metadata cite{font-style:normal}.cit-metadata .cit-jnl-abbrev{font-style:italic}.cit-extra{font-size:0.75rem}.cit-extra a{text-decoration:underline}.cit-vol{font-weight:bolder}.cit-auth-list{display:inline}.cit-auth-list li{display:inline}.media__links li{display:inline;padding-right:1.5em}.media__links li a{font-weight:normal}img,video,object,svg{max-width:100%;height:auto}figure{margin:0 0 15px 0}figure img{margin-bottom:7.5px}.figure__options,figcaption{font-size:0.75rem}.fig-label,.caption-title{font-weight:bold}fieldset{border:0;padding:0;margin:0}button,input,select,textarea{font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;margin:0}input[disabled]{background-color:#f2f2f2}.field-container{margin-bottom:15px}@media (min-width: 30rem){.field-container{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;-webkit-box-align:end;-ms-flex-align:end;align-items:flex-end}}.field-container--inline{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%}.field-container--inline .btn,.field-container--inline button,.field-container--inline input[type=submit]{width:auto;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0}.flexboxtweener .field-container--inline{display:block;position:relative}.flexboxtweener .field-container--inline:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}.flexboxtweener .field-container--inline .btn,.flexboxtweener .field-container--inline button,.flexboxtweener .field-container--inline input[type=submit]{float:right;top:0;bottom:0;position:absolute;right:0}input[type=radio]{display:inline-block}input[type="color"],input[type="date"],input[type="datetime"],input[type="datetime-local"],input[type="email"],input[type="month"],input[type="number"],input[type="password"],input[type="search"],input[type="tel"],input[type="text"],input[type="time"],input[type="url"],input[type="week"],textarea{-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;border-radius:0;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;border:1px solid #b3b3b3;padding:7.5px 0.65rem;display:inline;width:100%;max-width:100%}.inline-form fieldset input[type="color"],.inline-form fieldset input[type="date"],.inline-form fieldset input[type="datetime"],.inline-form fieldset input[type="datetime-local"],.inline-form fieldset input[type="email"],.inline-form fieldset input[type="month"],.inline-form fieldset input[type="number"],.inline-form fieldset input[type="password"],.inline-form fieldset input[type="search"],.inline-form fieldset input[type="tel"],.inline-form fieldset input[type="text"],.inline-form fieldset input[type="time"],.inline-form fieldset input[type="url"],.inline-form fieldset input[type="week"],.inline-form fieldset textarea{width:auto}.priority-2 input[type="color"],.priority-2 input[type="date"],.priority-2 input[type="datetime"],.priority-2 input[type="datetime-local"],.priority-2 input[type="email"],.priority-2 input[type="month"],.priority-2 input[type="number"],.priority-2 input[type="password"],.priority-2 input[type="search"],.priority-2 input[type="tel"],.priority-2 input[type="text"],.priority-2 input[type="time"],.priority-2 input[type="url"],.priority-2 input[type="week"],.priority-2 textarea{font-size:.825rem;padding:3.75px}@media (min-width: 30rem){.field-container>input,.field-container>select{width:70%}}@media (min-width: 35.5rem){.field-container>input,.field-container>select{width:80%}}input[type="checkbox"]{position:relative;margin-right:.75em;font-size:1rem;outline:none}input[type="checkbox"]:after{position:absolute;top:-.1rem;left:0;display:inline-block;content:" ";border:1px solid #c8bdb3;width:1em;height:1em;background:#f2f2f2;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 0 1px white inset;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px white inset}input[type="checkbox"]:checked:before{content:"\2713";font-family:Arial;position:absolute;z-index:1;font-size:1.4rem;line-height:.5;left:.1rem}input[type="checkbox"]:checked:after{-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 0 1px white inset;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px white inset;overflow:visible}input[type="radio"]{width:auto;margin:0 0.3em}input[type="search"]{-webkit-appearance:none;border-radius:0}input[type="search"]{-webkit-appearance:none;border-radius:0}input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}label,.fieldset-description{display:block;padding:0;line-height:1.2;font-size:.875rem}@media (min-width: 30rem){.field-container>label,.field-container>.fieldset-description{width:30%;text-align:right;padding-right:15px}}@media (min-width: 35.5rem){.field-container>label,.field-container>.fieldset-description{width:20%}}.form-inline label,.form-inline .fieldset-description{display:block;width:100%;padding-bottom:7.5px}.description{color:gray;margin:0}input+.description,select+.description,textarea+.description{margin-top:7.5px}.field-container label ~ .description,.field-container .fieldset-description ~ .description{display:block;width:100%}@media (min-width: 30rem){.field-container label ~ .description,.field-container .fieldset-description ~ .description{margin-left:30%}}@media (min-width: 35.5rem){.field-container label ~ .description,.field-container .fieldset-description ~ .description{margin-left:20%}}.form-type-checkbox,.form-type-radio{margin:7.5px 0}.form-type-checkbox:last-child,.form-type-radio:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.form-options-inline .form-type-checkbox,.form-options-inline .form-type-radio{display:inline-block;margin:0 7.5px 0 0;vertical-align:bottom}.form-options-inline .form-type-checkbox:last-child,.form-options-inline .form-type-radio:last-child{margin-right:0}input.parsley-error{border:1px solid #a94442;background:#f2dede;-webkit-transition:.2s all ease-in-out;transition:.2s all ease-in-out}input.parsley-success{border:1px solid #2c572d;background:#dff0d8;-webkit-transition:.2s all ease-in-out;transition:.2s all ease-in-out}.parsley-errors-list,.article__body .parsley-errors-list{text-align:right;list-style:none;display:block;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 0 100%;flex:1 0 100%;font-size:.875rem;color:#a94442;margin:0}.parsley-errors-list li,.article__body .parsley-errors-list li{-webkit-transition:.2s all ease-in-out;transition:.2s all ease-in-out}.parsley-errors-list li:first-of-type,.article__body .parsley-errors-list li:first-of-type{margin-top:0}table{width:100%;table-layout:fixed}tr{background:#fff}tr:nth-child(even){background:#f7f5f0}tfoot tr{border-bottom:0}th{text-align:left;padding:.5em}td{padding:.5em}.datatable{width:100%;display:block}.datatable tfoot,.datatable thead{display:none}.datatable tbody{display:block;width:100%}.datatable tr{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-align:start;-ms-flex-align:start;align-items:flex-start;background:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.datatable td{width:100%;display:block;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6}.datatable td:last-child{border-bottom:none}.datatable .cell-heading{display:block;font-size:.75em;color:#b3b3b3;font-weight:normal}.datatable .cell-content{display:block;width:100%;max-width:75%}@media (min-width: 30rem){.datatable .cell-heading{font-weight:bold;color:#000;display:inline-block;float:left;min-width:25%;max-width:25%;font-size:1em;padding-right:1em}.datatable .cell-content{float:left;display:block;width:100%;max-width:75%}}@media (min-width: 35.5rem){.datatable{display:table;table-layout:fixed}.datatable thead{display:table-header-group}.datatable tfoot{display:table-footer-group}.datatable tbody{display:table-row-group}.datatable th{text-align:left;padding:.5em}.datatable tr{display:table-row;border-bottom:none}.datatable tr:nth-child(even){background:#f7f5f0}.datatable td{width:auto;display:table-cell;padding:.5em;border-bottom:none}.datatable td:nth-child(even){background:transparent}.datatable .cell-heading{display:none}}.demo-animate{background:#ddd;padding:1rem;margin-bottom:1rem;text-align:center}.animate-move{position:relative}.animate-move .demo-shape{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;width:20px;z-index:1}.animate-move:hover>.demo-shape{left:100%;margin-left:-20px}.animate-fade{-webkit-transition:opacity 0.2s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.2s ease-out}.animate-fade:hover{opacity:0}.animate-move>.demo-shape{-webkit-transition:left 0.8s ease-in-out;transition:left 0.8s ease-in-out}h1,h2,h3{font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;line-height:1.2}h1{font-size:2rem;line-height:1.2;margin:0 0 15px 0}[class*="tabbed"]+h1{margin-top:15px}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){[class*="tabbed"]+h1{margin-top:30px}}h2{font-size:1.5rem}.article__foot h2{color:#ca2015}h3{font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:0}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){h3{font-size:1.1875rem}}h4{font-size:1rem}h5{font-size:.875rem}h6{font-size:.75rem}.overline,.ui-widget-header,.ctools-collapsible-handle,.highwire-markup .compilation-overline{color:#ca2015;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:.75rem;font-weight:bold;font-family:"Benton Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.5em}.row--alt .overline,.row--alt .ui-widget-header,.row--alt .ctools-collapsible-handle,.row--alt .highwire-markup .compilation-overline,.highwire-markup .row--alt .compilation-overline,.box-standout .overline,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text .overline,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract .overline,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured .overline,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary .overline,.issue-toc-section-special-issue .overline,.box-standout .ui-widget-header,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text .ui-widget-header,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract .ui-widget-header,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured .ui-widget-header,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary .ui-widget-header,.issue-toc-section-special-issue .ui-widget-header,.box-standout .ctools-collapsible-handle,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text .ctools-collapsible-handle,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract .ctools-collapsible-handle,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured .ctools-collapsible-handle,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary .ctools-collapsible-handle,.issue-toc-section-special-issue .ctools-collapsible-handle,.box-standout .highwire-markup .compilation-overline,.highwire-markup .box-standout .compilation-overline,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text .compilation-overline,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract .compilation-overline,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured .compilation-overline,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary .compilation-overline,.issue-toc-section-special-issue .highwire-markup .compilation-overline,.highwire-markup .issue-toc-section-special-issue .compilation-overline{color:#666}.overline a,.ui-widget-header a,.ctools-collapsible-handle a,.highwire-markup .compilation-overline a{color:inherit}.overline a:hover,.ui-widget-header a:hover,.ctools-collapsible-handle a:hover,.highwire-markup .compilation-overline a:hover,.overline a:focus,.ui-widget-header a:focus,.ctools-collapsible-handle a:focus,.highwire-markup .compilation-overline a:focus{color:#666}.overline__subject{border-left:1px solid #e6e6e6;color:#666;font-weight:normal;padding-left:0.5rem;margin-left:0.5rem}.subsection-title,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-heading:first-child,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-section>li:first-child>.toc-heading:first-child,.tabbed--primary li.active a{color:#ca2015;font-size:1.25rem;font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}@media (min-width: 48rem){.subsection-title,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-heading:first-child,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-section>li:first-child>.toc-heading:first-child,.tabbed--primary li.active a{font-size:1.5rem}}.subsection-title,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-heading:first-child,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-section>li:first-child>.toc-heading:first-child{margin-top:15px;margin-bottom:7.5px;line-height:1}@media (min-width: 48rem){.subsection-title,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-heading:first-child,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-section>li:first-child>.toc-heading:first-child{margin-top:22.5px;margin-bottom:15px}}.subsection-title:first-child,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-heading:first-child,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-section>li:first-child>.toc-heading:first-child{margin-top:0}.content-block:not(:first-child) .subsection-title,.content-block:not(:first-child) .issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-heading:first-child,.content-block:not(:first-child) .issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-section>li:first-child>.toc-heading:first-child{margin-top:30px}.subsection-title a,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-heading:first-child a,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-section>li:first-child>.toc-heading:first-child a{color:#37588A;font-size:1rem;margin-left:15px}@media (min-width: 48rem){.subsection-title a,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-heading:first-child a,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-section>li:first-child>.toc-heading:first-child a{font-size:1.125rem}}.subsection-title__line{display:block}.address{line-height:1.2}.article__tools{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;margin-left:0;margin:15px 0;list-style:none}.nav-interior .article__tools{list-style:none;margin-left:0;padding:0;list-style:none;margin-left:0}.article__tools .fa{display:inline-block;margin-right:5px}.article__tools li{font-size:.75rem;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%}@media (min-width: 30rem){.article__tools li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%}}@media (min-width: 35.5rem){.article__tools li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 33.33333%;flex:0 0 33.33333%}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.article__tools li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 25%;flex:0 0 25%}}@media (min-width: 48rem){.article__tools li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%}}.article__foot,.article__header{width:100%}.carousel+.article__header,.media-wrap--16x9+.article__header{margin-top:15px}.article__headline,.highwire-markup .compilation>.article>h1{font-weight:normal;margin:0 0 15px 0;line-height:1;font-size:1.5rem}@media (min-width: 48rem){.article__headline,.highwire-markup .compilation>.article>h1{font-size:2.25rem}}.article__headline a,.highwire-markup .compilation>.article>h1 a{color:#333}.article__headline a:hover,.highwire-markup .compilation>.article>h1 a:hover,.article__headline a:focus,.highwire-markup .compilation>.article>h1 a:focus{color:gray}.article--teaser:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}.share-title{text-align:center;color:#ca2015;text-transform:uppercase;margin:0 0 15px 0;font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;display:none}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.share-title{display:block;font-size:1.25rem}}.article__social,.social-sidebar{display:none}@media (min-width: 48rem){.article__social,.social-sidebar{width:100%;top:0;padding-top:90px;display:block}}.article__body,.article__foot{width:100%;min-width:0%}.article__body>.intro,.article__body .highwire-markup .article__body>.section.precis,.article__foot>.intro,.article__body .highwire-markup .article__foot>.section.precis{outline:1px solid rgba(255,0,255,0.5);background:rgba(255,0,255,0.1);font-family:Georgia,Times,"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:1em;line-height:1.3333333;border-top:1px solid #e6e6e6;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6;padding:15px 0;margin:15px 0 !important}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.article__body>.intro,.article__body .highwire-markup .article__body>.section.precis,.article__foot>.intro,.article__body .highwire-markup .article__foot>.section.precis{padding:30px 0;margin:30px 0 !important;font-size:1.5em}}.article__body ol,.article__foot ol{list-style:decimal;margin-left:22.5px}.article__body .fluid-width-video-wrapper,.article__foot .fluid-width-video-wrapper{margin:15px 0}.article__body .carousel,.article__foot .carousel{margin:30px 0}.article__content{min-width:0%}.article__content>*:first-child{margin-top:0}@media (min-width: 48rem){.article__content{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 0;flex:1 1 0;padding:0}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.article__content{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 1 705px;flex:0 1 705px}.no-flexbox .article__content{float:left}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.article__content{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 500px;flex:1 1 500px}}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.article__content{-webkit-box-flex:100;-ms-flex:100 1 0;flex:100 1 0;max-width:735px;margin-top:30px;margin-bottom:30px}}.hero{display:block}@media (min-width: 48rem){.hero{-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column}}.hero--headline{display:block}.hero__image{width:100%;display:block;position:relative;margin-bottom:7.5px}.hero__image a{display:block}.hero__image img{width:100%;display:block}.hero--inset .hero__image{margin-bottom:0}.hero__headline{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.1;margin-bottom:15px}@media (min-width: 30rem){.hero__headline{max-width:85%}}@media (min-width: 48rem){.hero__headline{font-size:1.3125rem}.priority-2 .hero__headline{font-size:1rem}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.hero__headline{font-size:1.625rem}.priority-2 .hero__headline{font-size:1.25rem}}.hero--inset .hero__headline:last-child{margin-bottom:0}@media (min-width: 48rem){.hero--superhero .hero__headline{font-size:1.3125rem}}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.hero--superhero .hero__headline{font-size:2.5rem}}.hero__content{padding:0;position:relative}.hero--inset .hero__content{width:100%;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.6);padding:15px}@media (min-width: 48rem){.hero--inset .hero__content{position:absolute;bottom:0}}.hero--inset .hero__content>:first-child{margin-top:0}.hero--inset .hero__content>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.hero--inset .hero__content a{color:#fff;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}.hero--split .hero__content{background:#000}@media (min-width: 48rem){.hero--split .hero__content{padding:30px 45px;position:absolute;bottom:0;top:0;width:50%;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.6)}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.hero--split .hero__content{width:33.33333%}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.hero--split .hero__content{width:25%}}.hero--superhero .hero__content{background:#000}@media (min-width: 48rem){.hero--superhero .hero__content{padding:22.5px 30px;position:absolute;bottom:0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.6)}}.hero--inset{display:block;position:relative;overflow-y:hidden}.media{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap;min-width:0%}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.media{display:block}}.media+.headline-list{border-top:1px solid #e6e6e6;padding-top:15px;margin-top:15px}.media__subhad,.media__subhead{margin-top:0;font-size:1rem}.media__icon{margin:0;padding-right:15px;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 105px;flex:0 0 105px;line-height:0;min-width:0%}.media__icon img{max-width:100%}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.media__icon{margin-bottom:7.5px}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.media__icon{padding-right:0}}.media__body{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto}.media__body:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}.media__body>:first-child{margin-top:0;padding-top:0}.media__body>:last-child{margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.media__body{display:block}}.media__headline,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .highwire-cite-title{font-size:.875rem;font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0}@media (min-width: 48rem){.media__headline,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .highwire-cite-title{font-size:1.125rem}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.media__headline,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .highwire-cite-title{margin-bottom:7.5px}}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.media__headline,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .highwire-cite-title{font-size:1.3125rem}}.media--priority-2 .media__headline,.media--priority-2 .highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .highwire-cite-title,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .media--priority-2 .highwire-cite-title,.media__headline.media--priority-2,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .media--priority-2.highwire-cite-title{font-size:.875rem}@media (min-width: 48rem){.media--priority-2 .media__headline,.media--priority-2 .highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .highwire-cite-title,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .media--priority-2 .highwire-cite-title,.media__headline.media--priority-2,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .media--priority-2.highwire-cite-title{font-size:1.125rem}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.media--priority-2 .media__headline,.media--priority-2 .highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .highwire-cite-title,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .media--priority-2 .highwire-cite-title,.media__headline.media--priority-2,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .media--priority-2.highwire-cite-title{font-size:1rem}}.media--priority-2 .media__headline:last-child,.media--priority-2 .highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .highwire-cite-title:last-child,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .media--priority-2 .highwire-cite-title:last-child,.media__headline.media--priority-2:last-child,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .media--priority-2.highwire-cite-title:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.media--priority-3 .media__headline,.media--priority-3 .highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .highwire-cite-title,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .media--priority-3 .highwire-cite-title,.media__headline.media--priority-3,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .media--priority-3.highwire-cite-title{font-size:.875rem}@media (min-width: 48rem){.media--priority-3 .media__headline,.media--priority-3 .highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .highwire-cite-title,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .media--priority-3 .highwire-cite-title,.media__headline.media--priority-3,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .media--priority-3.highwire-cite-title{font-size:.875rem}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.media--priority-3 .media__headline,.media--priority-3 .highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .highwire-cite-title,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .media--priority-3 .highwire-cite-title,.media__headline.media--priority-3,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .media--priority-3.highwire-cite-title{font-size:.875rem}}.media--priority-3 .media__headline:last-child,.media--priority-3 .highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .highwire-cite-title:last-child,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .media--priority-3 .highwire-cite-title:last-child,.media__headline.media--priority-3:last-child,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .media--priority-3.highwire-cite-title:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.media__deck{margin-top:15px;font-size:.875rem}.media__deck ul:last-child,.media__deck ol:last-child,.media__deck p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.media--var{-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.media--var{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}}.media--var .media__icon{padding-right:15px;margin-bottom:0}@media (min-width: 30rem){.media--var .media__icon{-ms-flex-preferred-size:8rem;flex-basis:8rem}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.media--var .media__icon{-ms-flex-preferred-size:10rem;flex-basis:10rem}}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.media--var .media__icon{padding-right:30px}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.media--var .media__icon{-ms-flex-preferred-size:12rem;flex-basis:12rem}}.media--priority-2 .media--var .media__icon,.media--priority-3 .media--var .media__icon{padding-right:15px}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.media--priority-2 .media--var .media__icon,.media--priority-3 .media--var .media__icon{padding-right:15px}}.media--var.media--priority-2 .media__icon{padding-right:15px;margin-bottom:0}@media (min-width: 48rem){.media--var.media--priority-3 .media__icon{padding-right:15px;-ms-flex-preferred-size:8rem;flex-basis:8rem}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.media--flip{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap}}.media--flip .media__icon{-webkit-box-ordinal-group:1;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.media--flip .media__icon{-webkit-box-ordinal-group:2;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;margin:15px 0 0 0}}.media--flip .media__body{-webkit-box-ordinal-group:2;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.media--flip .media__body{-webkit-box-ordinal-group:1;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0}}.media--featured,.media--citation{display:block}.media--featured .media__icon,.media--citation .media__icon{padding-right:0;display:block}.media--featured .media__body,.media--citation .media__body{margin-top:15px}.media--featured .file-audio,.media--citation .file-audio{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 0 100%;flex:1 0 100%;min-width:100%;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:15px}@media (min-width: 80rem){.media--featured .file-audio,.media--citation .file-audio{min-width:0;margin-left:30px;max-width:40%}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.media--featured,.media--citation{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.media--featured .media__icon,.media--citation .media__icon{-ms-flex-preferred-size:200px;flex-basis:200px;padding-right:30px;margin-bottom:0}.media--featured .media__body,.media--citation .media__body{margin-top:0;vertical-align:top}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.media--priority-2 .media__deck{font-size:.75rem}}.media--priority-2 .media__icon{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 105px;flex:0 0 105px;padding-right:15px}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.media--priority-2 .media__icon{font-size:1rem;padding-right:0}}.media--standout{padding:15px;border:1px solid #e6e6e6}.media--standout .media__icon,.media--standout .media__body{margin:15px 0}.media--video{display:block;margin-bottom:15px}.media--video .media__icon{width:100%;padding-right:0}.media--video .media__body{padding-top:7.5px}@media (min-width: 35.5rem){.media--citation .media__icon{-webkit-box-ordinal-group:3;-ms-flex-order:2;order:2;padding:0 0 0 30px}.no-flexbox .media--citation .media__icon{padding:0 30px 0 0}}button,input[type="submit"],.btn,.btn--disabled,.btn[disabled],.btn--large,.btn--small,.btn--block,.btn--cta,.highwire-lens-button a,.btn--cta--small,.btn--cta--large{display:inline-block;background:#333;color:#fff;line-height:1;font-weight:bold;border:0;text-align:center;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-webkit-transition:.15s background 0;transition:.15s background 0;padding:7.5px;font-size:1rem;position:relative}@media (min-width: 48rem){button,input[type="submit"],.btn,.btn--disabled,.btn[disabled],.btn--large,.btn--small,.btn--block,.btn--cta,.highwire-lens-button a,.btn--cta--small,.btn--cta--large{padding:15px}}button:hover,input[type="submit"]:hover,.btn:hover,.btn--disabled:hover,.btn--large:hover,.btn--small:hover,.btn--block:hover,.btn--cta:hover,.highwire-lens-button a:hover,.btn--cta--small:hover,.btn--cta--large:hover,button:focus,input[type="submit"]:focus,.btn:focus,.btn--disabled:focus,.btn--large:focus,.btn--small:focus,.btn--block:focus,.btn--cta:focus,.highwire-lens-button a:focus,.btn--cta--small:focus,.btn--cta--large:focus{background:gray;color:#fff;outline:1px dotted #666}button:active,input[type="submit"]:active,.btn:active,.btn--disabled:active,.btn--large:active,.btn--small:active,.btn--block:active,.btn--cta:active,.highwire-lens-button a:active,.btn--cta--small:active,.btn--cta--large:active{-webkit-transform:translate(1px, 1px);transform:translate(1px, 1px);outline:0}.btn--disabled,.btn[disabled]{background:#ccc;color:gray;cursor:not-allowed}.btn--disabled:active,.btn[disabled]:active{left:0;top:0}.btn--disabled:hover,.btn[disabled]:hover{color:gray;background:#ccc;cursor:default}.btn--large{padding:7.5px;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:1.4rem}.btn--small{padding:7.5px}.btn--block{display:block;padding:7.5px;width:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto}.btn--submit{margin-left:auto}.btn--cta,.highwire-lens-button a{background:#ca2015;font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 -2px 0 -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);box-shadow:inset 0 -2px 0 -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);padding:15px 30px}.btn--cta[disabled],.highwire-lens-button a[disabled]{background:gray;cursor:not-allowed}.btn--cta--small{background:#ca2015;font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 -2px 0 -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);box-shadow:inset 0 -2px 0 -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);padding:7.5px 30px}.btn--cta--small[disabled]{background:gray;cursor:not-allowed}.btn--cta--large{background:#ca2015;font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 -2px 0 -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);box-shadow:inset 0 -2px 0 -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);font-style:italic;font-size:1.125rem;position:relative;padding:15px 5rem 15px 22.5px;text-align:left;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0}.btn--cta--large:after{content:"▶";font-style:normal;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.3);border-radius:50%;width:1.4rem;height:1.4rem;position:absolute;top:calc(50% - .7rem);right:15px;margin:auto;margin-left:3rem;padding-top:.2rem;padding-left:.2rem;text-align:center;font-size:.825rem;display:inline-block;line-height:1.5}.btn--text{font-style:italic}.btn--uptoggle{color:#ccc;background:#333;width:50px;line-height:50px;text-align:center;-ms-flex-item-align:end;align-self:flex-end;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 50px;flex:0 0 50px}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.btn--uptoggle{width:75px;line-height:75px;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 75px;flex:0 0 75px}}.byline,.byline--article,.highwire-markup .contributor-list,.byline--simple{font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal;color:#666;margin:0}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.byline,.byline--article,.highwire-markup .contributor-list,.byline--simple{font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;font-style:normal}}.byline time,.byline--article time,.highwire-markup .contributor-list time,.byline--simple time,.byline .highwire-citation-access,.byline--article .highwire-citation-access,.highwire-markup .contributor-list .highwire-citation-access,.byline--simple .highwire-citation-access{white-space:nowrap}.byline time:not(:only-child),.byline--article time:not(:only-child),.highwire-markup .contributor-list time:not(:only-child),.byline--simple time:not(:only-child),.byline .highwire-citation-access:not(:only-child),.byline--article .highwire-citation-access:not(:only-child),.highwire-markup .contributor-list .highwire-citation-access:not(:only-child),.byline--simple .highwire-citation-access:not(:only-child){border-left:1px solid #666;margin-left:6px;padding-left:7.5px}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.byline time:not(:only-child),.byline--article time:not(:only-child),.highwire-markup .contributor-list time:not(:only-child),.byline--simple time:not(:only-child),.byline .highwire-citation-access:not(:only-child),.byline--article .highwire-citation-access:not(:only-child),.highwire-markup .contributor-list .highwire-citation-access:not(:only-child),.byline--simple .highwire-citation-access:not(:only-child){margin-left:7.5px;padding-left:7.5px}}.byline{font-size:.75em}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.byline{text-transform:uppercase}}.byline a{color:inherit}.byline--article,.highwire-markup .contributor-list{font-size:1rem;text-transform:none;margin-bottom:15px}.byline--article a,.highwire-markup .contributor-list a{color:#37588A}.byline--article time,.highwire-markup .contributor-list time{font-weight:normal}@-webkit-keyframes de-emphasize{0%{background:#fcf8e3}50%{background:#fcf8e3}100%{background:#fff}}@keyframes de-emphasize{0%{background:#fcf8e3}50%{background:#fcf8e3}100%{background:#fff}}.cta{border-top:1px solid #e6e6e6;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6;padding:7.5px 0;margin:15px 0}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.cta .btn,.cta .btn--text,.cta .btn--cta,.cta .highwire-lens-button a,.highwire-lens-button .cta a{margin-left:15px;display:inline-block;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.cta__body{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}}.cta__body__message{margin:15px 0;width:100%}.cta__extra{-webkit-transition:1s background-color ease-in-out 1s;transition:1s background-color ease-in-out 1s;padding:7.5px 0 0 0}.cta__extra.is-revealed{-webkit-animation:de-emphasize 3s 0s 1 forwards;animation:de-emphasize 3s 0s 1 forwards}.no-js .cta__extra{display:block}.is-revealed-target.btn--cta--large:after{-webkit-transform:rotate(90deg);transform:rotate(90deg)}.carousel{overflow-x:hidden;position:relative;display:block;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 0 100%;flex:1 0 100%}.owl-wrapper{position:relative}.carousel--filmstrip{position:relative;margin-bottom:15px}@media (min-width: 48rem){.carousel--filmstrip .owl-stage-outer{display:block;margin:0 auto}}.carousel--filmstrip .carousel--filmstrip__nav{color:#939ec3;font-size:2rem;font-family:"Benton Sans Comp","Benton Sans Comp old","DIN Condensed","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}@media (min-width: 48rem){.carousel--filmstrip .carousel--filmstrip__nav{top:45px;font-size:3rem}}.carousel--filmstrip .owl-item{padding:0}.carousel--filmstrip .media{padding:0}.carousel--filmstrip__prev,.carousel--filmstrip__next{cursor:pointer;position:absolute;font-weight:bold;height:100%;background:#fff;top:0}@media (min-width: 30rem){.carousel--filmstrip__prev,.carousel--filmstrip__next{padding-top:7.5px}}@media (min-width: 48rem){.carousel--filmstrip__prev,.carousel--filmstrip__next{padding-top:0;width:30px}}.carousel--filmstrip__prev:hover,.carousel--filmstrip__next:hover{color:#37588A}.carousel--filmstrip__prev{left:-1px}.carousel--filmstrip__next{right:-1px;text-align:right}.carousel--media{position:relative}.carousel--media img{margin:0;min-height:1px}.carousel--media .figure{margin:0}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.carousel--media .figure{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:column;flex-flow:column}}.carousel--media .owl-item{position:relative}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.carousel--media .owl-item{padding-bottom:6rem}}.carousel--media .carousel--media__nav{width:100%;color:#fff;font-weight:bold;font-size:6rem;cursor:pointer;position:absolute;top:0}@media (min-width: 35.5rem){.carousel--media .carousel--media__nav{top:3rem}}@media (min-width: 48rem){.carousel--media .carousel--media__nav{top:6rem}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.carousel--media .carousel--media__nav{top:10rem}}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.carousel--media .carousel--media__nav{font-size:3rem;padding:0;position:absolute;top:auto;bottom:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;-webkit-box-align:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;align-items:stretch}}.carousel--media .carousel--media__next{right:0}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.carousel--media .carousel--media__next{right:auto}}.carousel--media .carousel--media__prev,.carousel--media .carousel--media__next{position:absolute;display:inline-block;text-align:center;width:45px;line-height:2;-webkit-transition:background .2s ease-out;transition:background .2s ease-out;opacity:.25}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.carousel--media .carousel--media__prev,.carousel--media .carousel--media__next{opacity:1;text-shadow:0 0 3px #000;background:rgba(128,128,128,0.5);position:static}.carousel--media .carousel--media__prev:hover,.carousel--media .carousel--media__next:hover{background:rgba(0,0,0,0.2)}}.carousel--media figcaption{width:100%;-webkit-transition:max-height .2s ease-out .4s;transition:max-height .2s ease-out .4s;color:#fff;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.85);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;font-size:.825rem;padding:15px}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.carousel--media figcaption{min-height:6rem;max-height:6rem;padding:15px 60px;position:absolute;bottom:0}.container--hero .carousel--media figcaption{padding:15px 60px}}.carousel--media:hover figcaption{-webkit-transition:max-height .2s ease-out;transition:max-height .2s ease-out}.carousel--nodes .hero__content:not(".carousel--split"){padding-right:180px}.carousel--nodes .owl-dots{min-height:15px;bottom:0;width:100%;line-height:0;text-align:center}@media (min-width: 48rem){.carousel--nodes .owl-dots{position:absolute;right:15px;bottom:15px;width:15%;text-align:right}}@media (min-width: 48rem){.carousel--nodes .owl-dots{right:15px}}.carousel--nodes .owl-dot{display:inline-block;width:15px;height:15px;background-color:#ca2015;margin:7.5px 0 0 0}.carousel--nodes .owl-dot.active{background-color:gray}@media (min-width: 48rem){.carousel--nodes .owl-dot.active{background-color:#fff}}.carousel--nodes .owl-dot+.owl-dot{margin-left:7.5px}.carousel--nodes__nav{color:#ca2015;font-size:3rem;font-weight:bold;cursor:pointer}.carousel--nodes:hover .carousel--nodes__prev,.carousel--nodes:hover .carousel--nodes__next{opacity:.8}.carousel--nodes:hover .carousel--nodes__prev:hover,.carousel--nodes:hover .carousel--nodes__next:hover{opacity:.8}.carousel--nodes:hover .carousel--nodes__prev:active,.carousel--nodes:hover .carousel--nodes__next:active{opacity:1}.carousel--nodes__prev,.carousel--nodes__next{display:inline-block;opacity:.25;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);border-radius:50%;line-height:1.2;width:4rem;height:4rem;-webkit-box-shadow:5px 5px 1rem rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow:5px 5px 1rem rgba(0,0,0,0.3);position:absolute;top:calc(50% - 4rem);bottom:50%;opacity:.4;-webkit-transition:opacity .2s ease-out;transition:opacity .2s ease-out}.carousel--nodes__prev{text-align:right;padding-right:.8rem;-webkit-box-shadow:2px 3px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);box-shadow:2px 3px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);left:-2rem}.carousel--nodes__next{text-align:left;padding-left:.8rem;-webkit-box-shadow:-2px 3px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);box-shadow:-2px 3px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);right:-2rem}@media (min-width: 48rem){.carousel--split .owl-dots{left:45px}}.carousel__dot{width:1rem;height:1rem}.credit{font-size:.75rem}.hero--split .credit{margin-top:30px}.hero--inset .credit{font-size:.625rem;line-height:1.1;color:#fff;word-wrap:break-word}@media (min-width: 30rem){.hero--inset:not(.hero--split) .credit{position:absolute;top:0;right:15px;max-width:15%;text-align:right}}.figure{display:block;max-width:100%;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}.article__body .figure{clear:both}@media (min-width: 48rem){.figure{min-width:250px}}.figure img{display:block;width:100%;margin:0 auto 0 auto}.figure figcaption{font-size:.75rem;color:#666;margin:.5em 0 0 0}@media (min-width: 48rem){.figure figcaption{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start}}.figure .caption{line-height:1.3}.carousel--media .figure .caption{color:#e6e6e6}@media (min-width: 48rem){.figure .caption{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 75%;flex:1 1 75%;margin:0;padding:0 15px 0 0}}.figure .credit,.figure q.attrib{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 25%;flex:1 1 25%;color:#b3b3b3;text-align:right;font-size:.625rem;margin:0}@media (min-width: 48rem){.carousel--media .figure .credit,.carousel--media .figure q.attrib{color:#b3b3b3}}.figure--data{border-top:1px solid #e6e6e6;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6;margin:15px 0;padding:15px 0}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.figure--data{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:start;-ms-flex-align:start;align-items:flex-start;-ms-flex-flow:column-wrap;flex-flow:column-wrap}.figure--data figcaption{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 0 65%;flex:1 0 65%;padding-left:15px}}.figure .figure__options{color:gray;font-size:.75rem}.figure .figure__options ul{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;list-style:none}.figure .figure__options ul li{border-right:1px solid #ccc;line-height:1}.figure .figure__options ul li:last-child{border-right:0}.figure .figure__options ul a{display:block;padding:0 7.5px}.figure .figure__options ul a:hover{color:#999}.figure .figure__options ul li:last-child a{border-right:0;padding-right:0}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.figure .figure__options ul{-ms-flex-flow:column wrap;flex-flow:column wrap}.figure .figure__options ul li{border:0;line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:7.5px}}.article__figure--hero .caption{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 66.66666%;flex:1 1 66.66666%;max-width:66.66666%;padding:0 15px 0 0;margin:0}.article__figure--hero .caption+.credit{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 33.33333%;flex:1 1 33.33333%;max-width:33.33333%;padding:0}.article__figure--lead{width:100%}.article__figure--lead-inline,.highwire-markup .fig.nonresearch-content,.highwire-markup .abstract-figure,.highwire-markup .graphic-inline.float{margin-top:0}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.article__figure--lead-inline,.highwire-markup .fig.nonresearch-content,.highwire-markup .abstract-figure,.highwire-markup .graphic-inline.float{max-width:50%;margin-top:7.5px}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem) and (min-width: 56.25rem){.article__figure--lead-inline,.highwire-markup .fig.nonresearch-content,.highwire-markup .abstract-figure,.highwire-markup .graphic-inline.float{max-width:50%;float:right;margin:15px 0 15px 30px}}[class$="box"] .article__figure--lead-inline,[class$="box"] .highwire-markup .fig.nonresearch-content,.highwire-markup [class$="box"] .fig.nonresearch-content,[class$="box"] .highwire-markup .abstract-figure,.highwire-markup [class$="box"] .abstract-figure,[class$="box"] .highwire-markup .graphic-inline.float,.highwire-markup [class$="box"] .graphic-inline.float{max-width:100%}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){[class$="box"] .article__figure--lead-inline,[class$="box"] .highwire-markup .fig.nonresearch-content,.highwire-markup [class$="box"] .fig.nonresearch-content,[class$="box"] .highwire-markup .abstract-figure,.highwire-markup [class$="box"] .abstract-figure,[class$="box"] .highwire-markup .graphic-inline.float,.highwire-markup [class$="box"] .graphic-inline.float{max-width:100%}}.article__figure--lead-inline .caption,.highwire-markup .fig.nonresearch-content .caption,.highwire-markup .abstract-figure .caption,.highwire-markup .graphic-inline.float .caption{padding:0;margin:0}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.article__figure--lead-inline .caption,.highwire-markup .fig.nonresearch-content .caption,.highwire-markup .abstract-figure .caption,.highwire-markup .graphic-inline.float .caption{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 70%;flex:1 1 70%}}.article__figure--lead-inline .caption+.credit,.highwire-markup .fig.nonresearch-content .caption+.credit,.highwire-markup .abstract-figure .caption+.credit,.highwire-markup .graphic-inline.float .caption+.credit{padding:0;-ms-flex-item-align:start;align-self:flex-start;margin:0}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.article__figure--lead-inline .caption+.credit,.highwire-markup .fig.nonresearch-content .caption+.credit,.highwire-markup .abstract-figure .caption+.credit,.highwire-markup .graphic-inline.float .caption+.credit{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 30%;flex:1 1 30%}}.site-footer{width:100%;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.footer__header{max-width:100px;line-height:1;margin-bottom:15px;margin-right:15px}@media (min-width: 35.5rem){.footer__header{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 100px;flex:0 0 100px;max-width:100%}}@media (min-width: 48rem){.footer__header{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 130px;flex:0 0 130px;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:30px}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.footer__header{margin-bottom:0;margin-right:30px}}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.footer__header{-ms-flex-preferred-size:156px;flex-basis:156px}}.footer__body{color:#fff}@media (min-width: 35.5rem){.footer__body{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 1 auto;flex:0 1 auto}}.footer__body a{color:#fff}.copyright-statement{margin:0 0 7.5px 0;line-height:1.2;font-size:.75rem}@media (min-width: 48rem){.copyright-statement{line-height:1.4}}.footlinks{color:#ccc;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:bold;margin-top:15px;margin-bottom:15px;line-height:1.2}.footlinks li{display:block;margin-bottom:7.5px}.footlinks a{color:#fff}@media (min-width: 35.5rem){.footlinks{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;list-style:none;display:flex}.footlinks li{border-right:1px solid #ccc;line-height:1}.footlinks li:last-child{border-right:0}.footlinks a{display:block;padding:0 7.5px}.footlinks a:hover{color:#999}.footlinks li:last-child a{border-right:0;padding-right:0}.footlinks a{border-right:1px solid #fff;padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px}.footlinks li:first-of-type a{padding-left:0}}.form-search .search-field{border-right:0}.form-search .search-submit{padding:0.78em 1em;border:0;color:#37588A;background:#fff;border-color:#b3b3b3;border-width:1px 1px 1px 0;border-style:solid}.form-search--nav{overflow:hidden;border-radius:2px;overflow:hidden;margin-right:22.5px;width:100%;max-width:120px}@media (min-width: 35.5rem){.form-search--nav{max-width:200px}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.form-search--nav{max-width:305px}}.form-search--nav .search-field{border:0;background-color:transparent;font-weight:normal;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;font-family:"Benton Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.6875rem;line-height:1}.form-search--nav .search-field:focus{outline:0;-moz-outline-radius:2px}@media (min-width: 48rem){.form-search--nav .search-field{font-size:.875rem}}.form-search--nav .field-container--inline{border-radius:2px;color:#333;background-color:#fff;-webkit-box-shadow:1px 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.4) inset;box-shadow:1px 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.4) inset}.form-search--nav .search-submit{padding:7.5px;color:#333;background-color:transparent}@media (min-width: 35.5rem){.form-search--nav .search-submit{padding:5px 15px}}@media (min-width: 48rem){.form-search--nav .search-submit{padding:0.25em 15px}}.form--searchbar{margin-bottom:15px}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.form--searchbar{margin-bottom:0}}.topnav__item .form--searchbar{margin:0 15px}.topnav__item .form--searchbar [type="text"],.topnav__item .form--searchbar [type="search"]{padding:7.5px;line-height:1}.form--searchbar .search-field::-webkit-input-placeholder{line-height:1.2}.form--searchbar .search-field::-moz-placeholder{line-height:1.2}.form--searchbar .search-field:-ms-input-placeholder{line-height:1.2}.form--searchbar .search-field::placeholder{line-height:1.2}.highwire-advanced-search-form [class$="-flags"].form-type-radios{margin-top:-15px;margin-bottom:22.5px}.hw-search-extra{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap}.hw-search-extra>.form-item{padding-right:15px}.hw-search-extra>.form-item label,.hw-search-extra>.form-item .fieldset-description{padding-right:7.5px}.hw-search-extra>.field-container--inline{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;-ms-grid-row-align:center;align-items:center}@media (min-width: 30rem){[id^="user-login"] .field-container ~ .reset-password{margin-left:30%;width:70%}}@media (min-width: 35.5rem){[id^="user-login"] .field-container ~ .reset-password{margin-left:20%;width:80%}}.opportunity-challenge-login+.opportunity-challenge-institution{border-top:1px solid #e6e6e6;margin-bottom:30px}.opportunity-challenge-login h3:first-child,.opportunity-challenge-institution>h3:first-child{margin:15px 0}.shib-login-link>form:first-child,.openathens-login-link>form:first-child{margin-bottom:15px}@media (min-width: 48rem){.shib-login-link>form:first-child,.openathens-login-link>form:first-child{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 25%;flex:0 0 25%;max-width:25%;margin-bottom:0;padding-right:30px}}.shib-login-link>form:first-child input[type="submit"],.openathens-login-link>form:first-child input[type="submit"]{width:100%}@media (min-width: 48rem){.shib-login-link>div,.openathens-login-link>div{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 75%;flex:0 0 75%;max-width:75%}}.menu-toggler{display:none}.menu-toggler:checked ~ .row--header .header--primary{position:fixed;z-index:2;-webkit-transform:translateX(0) translateY(0);transform:translateX(0) translateY(0);overflow:scroll}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.menu-toggler:checked ~ .row--header .header--primary{position:static}}.menu-toggler:checked ~ [role="main"]{-webkit-transform:translateX(25%) scale(1.1);transform:translateX(25%) scale(1.1)}@media (min-width: 48rem){.menu-toggler:checked ~ [role="main"]{-webkit-transform:translateY(1%) scale(1.1);transform:translateY(1%) scale(1.1)}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.menu-toggler:checked ~ [role="main"]{-webkit-transform:none;transform:none;-webkit-filter:none;filter:none}}[role="main"]{-webkit-transition:.3s all ease;transition:.3s all ease}.menu-toggler__trigger,.search-toggler__trigger{color:#fff;line-height:1.4;font-weight:bold;background:#333;display:block;padding:7.5px;-webkit-transition:.15s background 0;transition:.15s background 0;width:32px;text-align:center}.menu-toggler__trigger:hover,.search-toggler__trigger:hover{background:#333}@media (min-width: 48rem){.menu-toggler__trigger:hover,.search-toggler__trigger:hover{background:#333}}@media (min-width: 48rem){.menu-toggler__trigger,.search-toggler__trigger{height:3rem;padding:0;border:none;color:#ccc;background:#333;width:50px;line-height:3rem;text-align:center;-ms-flex-item-align:end;align-self:flex-end;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 50px;flex:0 0 50px}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.menu-toggler__trigger,.search-toggler__trigger{display:none;width:75px;line-height:75px;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 75px;flex:0 0 75px}}.search-toggler__trigger{margin-right:7.5px;margin-left:auto}.search-form-mobile{z-index:9;width:100%;top:3rem;position:fixed;padding:1rem;background:#000}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.search-form-mobile{display:none}}.search-form-mobile .form-search--sticky{display:block;margin-bottom:0}.header--primary{background:#1a1a1a;margin-top:48px;width:80%;height:auto;overflow-x:hidden;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;position:fixed;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;-webkit-transform:translateX(-100%);transform:translateX(-100%);-webkit-transition:.3s all ease-in-out;transition:.3s all ease-in-out}@media (min-width: 48rem){.header--primary{width:100%;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;-webkit-box-align:start;-ms-flex-align:start;-ms-grid-row-align:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-ordinal-group:2;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;bottom:auto;-webkit-transform:translateX(0) translateY(-100%);transform:translateX(0) translateY(-100%)}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.header--primary{background:#ca2015;margin-top:50px;min-height:146px;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;background:#000;-webkit-box-ordinal-group:3;-ms-flex-order:2;order:2;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;position:static;-webkit-transform:translateX(0) translateY(0);transform:translateX(0) translateY(0);margin-top:0;overflow-y:visible;overflow-x:visible}}.header__header{display:none;top:0;width:100%;margin-bottom:44px;position:fixed;min-height:146px;max-height:146px}@media (min-width: 48rem){.header__header{background:#000;margin-bottom:0;-webkit-box-align:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;-ms-grid-row-align:stretch;align-items:stretch;min-width:0%}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.header__header{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 0px;flex:1 1 0px;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:static;-webkit-box-align:end;-ms-flex-align:end;align-items:flex-end;min-height:146px;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap}}.header__aux{-webkit-box-ordinal-group:4;-ms-flex-order:3;order:3;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;background:#1a1a1a;width:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%}@media (min-width: 48rem){.header__aux{-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 13%;flex:0 0 13%}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.header__aux{background:transparent;-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;padding-bottom:30px;padding-right:25px;-webkit-box-ordinal-group:3;-ms-flex-order:2;order:2;width:auto;-ms-flex-item-align:end;align-self:flex-end;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 330px;flex:0 0 330px}}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.header__aux{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 1 330px;flex:0 1 330px}}.header__aux .social{-webkit-box-ordinal-group:3;-ms-flex-order:2;order:2}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.header__aux .social{-webkit-box-ordinal-group:0;-ms-flex-order:-1;order:-1}}.header--nav{background:#1a1a1a;-webkit-box-ordinal-group:3;-ms-flex-order:2;order:2;width:100%;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;padding-top:7.5px}@media (min-width: 48rem){.header--nav{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 87%;flex:0 0 87%}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.header--nav{background:#ca2015;top:0;position:relative;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 0 100%;flex:1 0 100%;width:100%;-webkit-box-ordinal-group:4;-ms-flex-order:3;order:3;padding-top:0}}.header--leaderboard{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;line-height:1;width:100%;-webkit-box-ordinal-group:3;-ms-flex-order:2;order:2;padding-top:48px;background:#132936;overflow-x:visible;overflow-y:visible}.header--leaderboard img,.header--leaderboard iframe{display:block;margin:0 auto}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.header--leaderboard{z-index:2;margin:0;padding-top:0;-webkit-box-ordinal-group:2;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-box-align:end;-ms-flex-align:end;-ms-grid-row-align:flex-end;align-items:flex-end;padding-bottom:10px}}.leaderboard__banner{margin:0 auto;max-width:100%}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.leaderboard__banner{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 738px;flex:0 0 738px;margin:0;padding-right:10px;max-width:100%}}.leaderboard__sitelicense{display:none}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.leaderboard__sitelicense{display:block;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 170px;flex:0 0 170px;margin-right:20px}}@media (min-width: 48rem){.leaderboard__promo{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 1 auto;flex:0 1 auto;margin-right:10px;-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end}}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.leaderboard__promo{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 1 100%;flex:0 1 100%;-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end}}.promo-subscribe{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 0 100%;flex:1 0 100%}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.promo-subscribe{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 1 auto;flex:0 1 auto;border-left:1px dotted gray}}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.promo-subscribe{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 1 320px;flex:0 1 320px;padding-left:20px}}.promo__mag{display:none}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.promo__mag{display:block;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 1 100px;flex:0 1 100px;padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px}.promo__mag img{max-height:90px;z-index:1}}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.promo__mag{display:none;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 0 120px;flex:1 0 120px;position:relative;text-align:right}.promo__mag img{width:100%;max-width:140px;max-height:none;-webkit-transform:rotate(-5deg) translateY(-15px);transform:rotate(-5deg) translateY(-15px);position:absolute;right:0}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.promo__mag{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-preferred-size:130px;flex-basis:130px}}.promo__offers{padding:10px 1rem}@media (min-width: 48rem){.promo__offers{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 130px;flex:1 1 130px;overflow:hidden}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.promo__offers{padding:0}}@media (min-width: 75rem){.promo__offers{padding-left:15px}}.promo__offers ul{display:inline-block}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.promo__offers ul{display:block}}.promo__offers li{display:inline-block;line-height:1;margin:.3em 0;font-size:.8125rem;font-family:"Benton Sans Comp","Benton Sans Comp old","DIN Condensed","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.promo__offers li:after{content:"\0020•";color:#fff;display:inline-block;padding-left:.5rem;padding-right:.3rem}.promo__offers li:last-child:after{content:""}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.promo__offers li{display:block}.promo__offers li:after{content:none}}@media (min-width: 75rem){.promo__offers li{font-size:.9375rem}}.promo__offers a{color:#ccc}.promo__offers h3{margin:0;font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;display:inline-block;padding-right:7.5px}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.promo__offers h3{display:block;padding-right:0}}@media (min-width: 75rem){.promo__offers h3{font-size:1.3125rem}}.promo__offers h3 a{color:#fd9826}.intro,.article__body .highwire-markup .section.precis{font-family:Georgia,Times,"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:1em;line-height:1.3333333;border-top:1px solid #e6e6e6;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6;padding:15px 0;margin:15px 0}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.intro,.article__body .highwire-markup .section.precis{padding:30px 0;margin:30px 0;font-size:1.5em}}.layout-item{display:block;width:100%;max-width:100%}.layout-item>h2:first-child{margin-top:0}.layout-item+.layout-item{margin-top:15px}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.layout-item+.layout-item{margin-top:30px}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.two-up>.layout-item:nth-child(2){margin-top:0}}.secondary *+.layout-item{margin-top:15px}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.secondary *+.layout-item{margin-top:30px}}.category-item:not(:first-child){padding-top:15px;border-top:1px solid #e6e6e6}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.category-item:not(:first-child){margin-top:0;padding-top:0;border-top:0}}.box-standout,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary,.issue-toc-section-special-issue,.box--standout{background:#e6e6e6;outline:1px solid #ccc;padding:15px}.box-standout *:first-child,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text *:first-child,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract *:first-child,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured *:first-child,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary *:first-child,.issue-toc-section-special-issue *:first-child,.box--standout *:first-child{margin-top:0}.box-standout:first-child,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text:first-child,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract:first-child,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured:first-child,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary:first-child,.issue-toc-section-special-issue:first-child,.box--standout:first-child{margin-top:0}.box-standout+.box-standout,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text+.box-standout,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract+.box-standout,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured+.box-standout,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary+.box-standout,.issue-toc-section-special-issue+.box-standout,.article__body .highwire-markup .box-standout+.boxed-text,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text+.boxed-text,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract+.boxed-text,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured+.boxed-text,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary+.boxed-text,.article__body .highwire-markup .issue-toc-section-special-issue+.boxed-text,.article__body .highwire-markup .box-standout+.abstract,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text+.abstract,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract+.abstract,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured+.abstract,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary+.abstract,.article__body .highwire-markup .issue-toc-section-special-issue+.abstract,.article__body .highwire-markup .box-standout+.structured,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text+.structured,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract+.structured,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured+.structured,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary+.structured,.article__body .highwire-markup .issue-toc-section-special-issue+.structured,.article__body .highwire-markup .box-standout+.editor-summary,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text+.editor-summary,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract+.editor-summary,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured+.editor-summary,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary+.editor-summary,.article__body .highwire-markup .issue-toc-section-special-issue+.editor-summary,.box-standout+.issue-toc-section-special-issue,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text+.issue-toc-section-special-issue,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract+.issue-toc-section-special-issue,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured+.issue-toc-section-special-issue,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary+.issue-toc-section-special-issue,.issue-toc-section-special-issue+.issue-toc-section-special-issue,.box--standout+.box-standout,.article__body .highwire-markup .box--standout+.boxed-text,.article__body .highwire-markup .box--standout+.abstract,.article__body .highwire-markup .box--standout+.structured,.article__body .highwire-markup .box--standout+.editor-summary,.box--standout+.issue-toc-section-special-issue,.box-standout+.box--standout,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text+.box--standout,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract+.box--standout,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured+.box--standout,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary+.box--standout,.issue-toc-section-special-issue+.box--standout,.box--standout+.box--standout{margin-bottom:15px}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.box-standout+.box-standout,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text+.box-standout,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract+.box-standout,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured+.box-standout,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary+.box-standout,.issue-toc-section-special-issue+.box-standout,.article__body .highwire-markup .box-standout+.boxed-text,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text+.boxed-text,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract+.boxed-text,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured+.boxed-text,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary+.boxed-text,.article__body .highwire-markup .issue-toc-section-special-issue+.boxed-text,.article__body .highwire-markup .box-standout+.abstract,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text+.abstract,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract+.abstract,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured+.abstract,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary+.abstract,.article__body .highwire-markup .issue-toc-section-special-issue+.abstract,.article__body .highwire-markup .box-standout+.structured,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text+.structured,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract+.structured,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured+.structured,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary+.structured,.article__body .highwire-markup .issue-toc-section-special-issue+.structured,.article__body .highwire-markup .box-standout+.editor-summary,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text+.editor-summary,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract+.editor-summary,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured+.editor-summary,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary+.editor-summary,.article__body .highwire-markup .issue-toc-section-special-issue+.editor-summary,.box-standout+.issue-toc-section-special-issue,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text+.issue-toc-section-special-issue,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract+.issue-toc-section-special-issue,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured+.issue-toc-section-special-issue,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary+.issue-toc-section-special-issue,.issue-toc-section-special-issue+.issue-toc-section-special-issue,.box--standout+.box-standout,.article__body .highwire-markup .box--standout+.boxed-text,.article__body .highwire-markup .box--standout+.abstract,.article__body .highwire-markup .box--standout+.structured,.article__body .highwire-markup .box--standout+.editor-summary,.box--standout+.issue-toc-section-special-issue,.box-standout+.box--standout,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text+.box--standout,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract+.box--standout,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured+.box--standout,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary+.box--standout,.issue-toc-section-special-issue+.box--standout,.box--standout+.box--standout{margin-bottom:30px}}.article__foot .box-standout,.article__foot .article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text,.article__body .highwire-markup .article__foot .boxed-text,.article__foot .article__body .highwire-markup .abstract,.article__body .highwire-markup .article__foot .abstract,.article__foot .article__body .highwire-markup .structured,.article__body .highwire-markup .article__foot .structured,.article__foot .article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary,.article__body .highwire-markup .article__foot .editor-summary,.article__foot .issue-toc-section-special-issue,.article__foot .box--standout{margin-top:15px}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.article__foot .box-standout,.article__foot .article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text,.article__body .highwire-markup .article__foot .boxed-text,.article__foot .article__body .highwire-markup .abstract,.article__body .highwire-markup .article__foot .abstract,.article__foot .article__body .highwire-markup .structured,.article__body .highwire-markup .article__foot .structured,.article__foot .article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary,.article__body .highwire-markup .article__foot .editor-summary,.article__foot .issue-toc-section-special-issue,.article__foot .box--standout{margin-top:30px}}.box--plain{clear:both;background:transparent}.row--header{background:#132936;padding:15px 0 0 0}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.row--header{position:relative;padding:30px 0 0 0}.row--header:after{position:absolute;content:" ";left:0;height:800px;width:100%;background:-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#dbdfe1), to(#fff));background:linear-gradient(#dbdfe1, #fff);z-index:-2}}.row--alt{background:#f7f5f0}.row--hero{padding:0 0 0 0}.row--footnav{background:#132936;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 1rem 0.25rem rgba(0,0,0,0.3);box-shadow:0 0 1rem 0.25rem rgba(0,0,0,0.3)}.row--footer{background:#0e202b}.row:not(.row--header){z-index:1}.primary{word-wrap:break-word}@media (min-width: 48rem){.primary{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 0px;flex:1 1 0px;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;-ms-flex-line-pack:start;align-content:flex-start;min-width:0%;margin-right:15px;padding-right:15px;border-right:1px solid #e6e6e6}}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.primary{margin-right:30px;padding-right:30px}}.primary>*{width:100%}.secondary{margin-top:15px;word-wrap:break-word}@media (min-width: 48rem){.secondary{margin-top:0;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 300px;flex:0 0 300px;max-width:300px;min-width:0%}}.container,.shib-login-link,.openathens-login-link{padding:15px;margin:0 auto;max-width:80rem;position:relative;background-color:white}@media (min-width: 48rem){.container,.shib-login-link,.openathens-login-link{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;-ms-flex-line-pack:start;align-content:flex-start;min-width:0%}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.container,.shib-login-link,.openathens-login-link{padding:30px 15px}}.container--header{padding:0 0}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.container--subscribe{padding-bottom:30px}}.row--hero .container,.row--hero .shib-login-link,.row--hero .openathens-login-link{padding:0 0}.row--alt .container,.row--alt .shib-login-link,.row--alt .openathens-login-link,.row--footer .container,.row--footer .shib-login-link,.row--footer .openathens-login-link,.row--footnav .container,.row--footnav .shib-login-link,.row--footnav .openathens-login-link{background:inherit}.row--alt .container--promo{background:inherit}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.container+.container,.shib-login-link+.container,.openathens-login-link+.container,.container+.shib-login-link,.shib-login-link+.shib-login-link,.openathens-login-link+.shib-login-link,.container+.openathens-login-link,.shib-login-link+.openathens-login-link,.openathens-login-link+.openathens-login-link{padding-top:15px}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.container+.container,.shib-login-link+.container,.openathens-login-link+.container,.container+.shib-login-link,.shib-login-link+.shib-login-link,.openathens-login-link+.shib-login-link,.container+.openathens-login-link,.shib-login-link+.openathens-login-link,.openathens-login-link+.openathens-login-link{padding-top:30px}}.container+.container[role=main],.shib-login-link+.container[role=main],.openathens-login-link+.container[role=main],.container+[role=main].shib-login-link,.shib-login-link+[role=main].shib-login-link,.openathens-login-link+[role=main].shib-login-link,.container+[role=main].openathens-login-link,.shib-login-link+[role=main].openathens-login-link,.openathens-login-link+[role=main].openathens-login-link{padding-top:0}@media (min-width: 48rem){.container--content{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.container--content{padding-right:30px;padding-left:0}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.container--content{padding-left:0}}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.container--content{padding-right:15px}}.container--content .tertiary{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 0 100%;flex:1 0 100%}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.container--content .tertiary{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 110px;flex:0 0 110px;-webkit-box-ordinal-group:1;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0}}@media (min-width: 48rem){.container--content .primary{margin-right:0;width:100%;border-right:0;padding:0 90px}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.container--content .primary{padding:0 30px}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.container--content .primary{padding:0 30px 0 0;margin-right:30px;border-right:1px solid #e6e6e6}}@media (min-width: 48rem){.container--content .secondary{width:100%;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 0 auto;flex:1 0 auto;max-width:100%;padding:30px 90px}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.container--content .secondary{padding:0;width:300px;max-width:300px}}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.container--content .secondary{margin-right:30px}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.container--content .secondary{margin-right:95px}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.container--sifter .tertiary{width:95px}}.container--promo .promo-foot--mag{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0;padding-left:0;list-style:none;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.container--promo .promo-foot--mag>*{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-preferred-size:calc(33.33333% - 20px);flex-basis:calc(33.33333% - 20px);margin:0 15px;min-width:0%}.container--promo .promo-foot--mag>*:nth-of-type(3n){margin-right:0}.container--promo .promo-foot--mag>*:nth-of-type(3n+1){margin-left:0}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.container--promo{padding-bottom:60px}.container--promo .btn--cta,.container--promo .highwire-lens-button a,.highwire-lens-button .container--promo a{position:absolute;bottom:30px}}.container--promo .promo-foot--heds{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.container--promo .promo-foot--heds{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;margin-right:0}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.container--promo .promo-foot--subscribe{margin-right:0}}@media (min-width: 35.5rem){.container.container--footer,.container--footer.shib-login-link,.container--footer.openathens-login-link{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.primary__main{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 0 100%;flex:1 0 100%;max-width:75%;padding-right:15px}}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.primary__main{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 0 75%;flex:1 0 75%;max-width:75%;padding-right:30px}}@media (max-width: 64.0625rem){.primary__secondary{width:100%;margin-top:15px;border-top:1px solid #e6e6e6;padding-top:15px}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.primary__secondary{-ms-flex-line-pack:start;align-content:flex-start;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 1 25%;flex:0 1 25%;max-width:25%}}.two-up{width:100%}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.two-up{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0;padding-left:0;list-style:none}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem) and (max-width: 68.75rem){.two-up>*{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-preferred-size:calc(50% - 7.5px);flex-basis:calc(50% - 7.5px);margin:0 7.5px;min-width:0%}.two-up>*:nth-of-type(2n){margin-right:0}.two-up>*:nth-of-type(2n+1){margin-left:0}}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.two-up>*{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-preferred-size:calc(50% - 15px);flex-basis:calc(50% - 15px);margin:0 15px;min-width:0%}.two-up>*:nth-of-type(2n){margin-right:0}.two-up>*:nth-of-type(2n+1){margin-left:0}}.subprime--a{overflow:hidden}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.subprime--a{-ms-flex-preferred-size:calc(50% - 15px);flex-basis:calc(50% - 15px)}}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.subprime--a{-ms-flex-preferred-size:calc(60% - 15px);flex-basis:calc(60% - 15px)}}.subprime--b{margin-top:30px}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.subprime--b{margin-top:0;-ms-flex-preferred-size:calc(50% - 15px);flex-basis:calc(50% - 15px)}}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.subprime--b{-ms-flex-preferred-size:calc(40% - 15px);flex-basis:calc(40% - 15px)}}.journal__updates{max-width:100%}.heading--block{display:block;width:100%;min-width:100%;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-item-align:start;align-self:flex-start;margin-top:15px}.heading--block:first-child{margin-top:0}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.heading--block{padding-top:30px}}.primary>.heading--block:first-child{padding-top:15px}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.primary>.heading--block:first-child{padding-top:0}}.heading--block+.heading--block{padding-top:0;margin-top:0}.two-up+.heading--block,.topics__elsewhere>.heading--block:first-child{margin-top:30px !important}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.two-up+.heading--block,.topics__elsewhere>.heading--block:first-child{border-top:1px solid #e6e6e6}}.media-grid{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;list-style:none;width:100%}.media-grid li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;min-width:0%;width:100%}.media-grid--2 li,.tabbed__panel.media-grid li{-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.media-grid--2 li,.tabbed__panel.media-grid li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;float:left;max-width:50%}.no-flexbox .media-grid--2 li:nth-child(2n+3),.no-flexbox .tabbed__panel.media-grid li:nth-child(2n+3){width:50%;max-width:50%;clear:left}}.media-grid--3 li{-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap}@media (min-width: 56.25rem) and (max-width: 80rem){.media-grid--3 li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;float:left;max-width:50%}.no-flexbox .media-grid--3 li:nth-child(2n+3){width:50%;max-width:50%;clear:left}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.media-grid--3 li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 33.33333%;flex:0 0 33.33333%;float:left;max-width:33.33333%}.no-flexbox .media-grid--3 li:nth-child(3n+4){width:33.33333%;max-width:33.33333%;clear:left}}.media-grid--4 li{-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap}@media (min-width: 56.25rem) and (max-width: 64.0625rem){.media-grid--4 li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;float:left;max-width:50%}.no-flexbox .media-grid--4 li:nth-child(2n+3){width:50%;max-width:50%;clear:left}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem) and (max-width: 80rem){.media-grid--4 li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 33.33333%;flex:0 0 33.33333%;float:left;max-width:33.33333%}.no-flexbox .media-grid--4 li:nth-child(3n+4){width:33.33333%;max-width:33.33333%;clear:left}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.media-grid--4 li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 25%;flex:0 0 25%;float:left;max-width:25%}.no-flexbox .media-grid--4 li:nth-child(4n+5){width:25%;max-width:25%;clear:left}}.media-grid--5 li{-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap}@media (min-width: 56.25rem) and (max-width: 64.0625rem){.media-grid--5 li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;float:left;max-width:50%}.no-flexbox .media-grid--5 li:nth-child(2n+3){width:50%;max-width:50%;clear:left}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem) and (max-width: 68.75rem){.media-grid--5 li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 33.33333%;flex:0 0 33.33333%;float:left;max-width:33.33333%}.no-flexbox .media-grid--5 li:nth-child(3n+4){width:33.33333%;max-width:33.33333%;clear:left}}@media (min-width: 68.75rem) and (max-width: 80rem){.media-grid--5 li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 25%;flex:0 0 25%;float:left;max-width:25%}.no-flexbox .media-grid--5 li:nth-child(4n+5){width:25%;max-width:25%;clear:left}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.media-grid--5 li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 20%;flex:0 0 20%;float:left;max-width:20%}.no-flexbox .media-grid--5 li:nth-child(5n+6){width:20%;max-width:20%;clear:left}}.media-grid--6 li{-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap}@media (min-width: 56.25rem) and (max-width: 64.0625rem){.media-grid--6 li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;float:left;max-width:50%}.no-flexbox .media-grid--6 li:nth-child(2n+3){width:50%;max-width:50%;clear:left}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem) and (max-width: 68.75rem){.media-grid--6 li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 33.33333%;flex:0 0 33.33333%;float:left;max-width:33.33333%}.no-flexbox .media-grid--6 li:nth-child(3n+4){width:33.33333%;max-width:33.33333%;clear:left}}@media (min-width: 68.75rem) and (max-width: 80rem){.media-grid--6 li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 20%;flex:0 0 20%;float:left;max-width:20%}.no-flexbox .media-grid--6 li:nth-child(5n+6){width:20%;max-width:20%;clear:left}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.media-grid--6 li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 16.66667%;flex:0 0 16.66667%;float:left;max-width:16.66667%}.no-flexbox .media-grid--6 li:nth-child(6n+7){width:16.66667%;max-width:16.66667%;clear:left}}.media-grid--archive li{-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap}@media (min-width: 0) and (max-width: 30rem){.media-grid--archive li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;float:left;max-width:50%}.no-flexbox .media-grid--archive li:nth-child(2n+3){width:50%;max-width:50%;clear:left}}@media (min-width: 30rem) and (max-width: 37.5rem){.media-grid--archive li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 33.33333%;flex:0 0 33.33333%;float:left;max-width:33.33333%}.no-flexbox .media-grid--archive li:nth-child(3n+4){width:33.33333%;max-width:33.33333%;clear:left}}@media (min-width: 37.5rem) and (max-width: 48rem){.media-grid--archive li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 25%;flex:0 0 25%;float:left;max-width:25%}.no-flexbox .media-grid--archive li:nth-child(4n+5){width:25%;max-width:25%;clear:left}}@media (min-width: 48rem) and (max-width: 56.25rem){.media-grid--archive li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 20%;flex:0 0 20%;float:left;max-width:20%}.no-flexbox .media-grid--archive li:nth-child(5n+6){width:20%;max-width:20%;clear:left}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem) and (max-width: 68.75rem){.media-grid--archive li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 16.66667%;flex:0 0 16.66667%;float:left;max-width:16.66667%}.no-flexbox .media-grid--archive li:nth-child(6n+7){width:16.66667%;max-width:16.66667%;clear:left}}@media (min-width: 68.75rem) and (max-width: 80rem){.media-grid--archive li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 14.28571%;flex:0 0 14.28571%;float:left;max-width:14.28571%}.no-flexbox .media-grid--archive li:nth-child(7n+8){width:14.28571%;max-width:14.28571%;clear:left}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.media-grid--archive li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 12.5%;flex:0 0 12.5%;float:left;max-width:12.5%}.no-flexbox .media-grid--archive li:nth-child(8n+9){width:12.5%;max-width:12.5%;clear:left}}.media-grid{margin:0;padding:0}.media-grid li{padding:0 7.5px 15px 0;margin:0}@media (min-width: 48rem){.media-grid li{padding:0 7.5px 15px 7.5px}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.media-grid li{padding:0 15px 30px 15px}}.media-grid--minor{font-size:.875rem}.media-grid--minor a{font-weight:bold;color:#333;display:block;padding-bottom:15px;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.media-grid--minor{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.media-grid--minor li{padding-left:0;padding-right:0;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;font-family:"Benton Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;padding-bottom:15px}.media-grid--minor li:nth-child(odd){padding-right:15px}.media-grid--minor li:nth-child(even){padding-left:15px;padding-right:0}.media-grid--minor li:nth-last-child(-n+2) a{border-bottom:0}}.tabbed__panel.media-grid li{padding:15px 15px 15px 15px;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.tabbed__panel.media-grid li{padding:15px 15px 15px 15px;max-width:50%;min-width:0%}.tabbed__panel.media-grid li:nth-child(odd),.tabbed__panel.media-grid li:nth-child(even){padding:15px}.tabbed__panel.media-grid li:nth-child(odd){border-right:1px solid #e6e6e6}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.tabbed__panel.media-grid li{padding:30px 30px 22.5px 30px}.tabbed__panel.media-grid li:nth-child(odd),.tabbed__panel.media-grid li:nth-child(even){padding:30px 30px 22.5px 30px}}.no-flexbox .tabbed__panel.media-grid li{border:0;padding-bottom:0}.media-grid--2,.tabbed__panel.media-grid{width:100%}.media-grid--2 li,.tabbed__panel.media-grid li{width:100%;max-width:100%}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.media-grid--2 li,.tabbed__panel.media-grid li{max-width:50%;width:50%;float:left}}.media-wrap--16x9{position:relative;padding-top:56.25%;width:100%}.media-wrap--16x9 iframe,.media-wrap--16x9 picture{position:absolute;width:100%;height:100%;max-width:100%;top:0;left:0}.podcast-player{max-width:100%;margin:15px 0;padding:15px 0;border-top:1px solid #e6e6e6;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6}@media (min-width: 48rem){.podcast-player{margin:30px 0}}.file-audio{position:relative;width:100%}.audio-player{display:block;width:100%}.me-plugin{position:absolute;height:auto;width:auto}.mejs-embed,.mejs-embed body{width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;padding:0;background:#000;overflow:hidden}.file-audio{width:100%}.file-audio{position:relative}.file-audio .audio__title{display:block;position:absolute;left:95px;top:15px;z-index:2;font-weight:bold;font-size:0.875rem;color:#4d4d4d}.mejs-audio{position:relative;overflow:hidden;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;text-indent:0;background:#e0dbd5;border-radius:4px;color:#4d4d4d;max-width:100%}.mejs-audio .mejs-playpause-button{height:80px;width:80px}.mejs-audio .mejs-time{bottom:10px;width:auto;display:block;overflow:hidden;left:95px;position:absolute}.mejs-audio .mejs-time span{font-size:.75rem;display:block;float:left;margin:1px 2px 0 0;width:auto}.mejs-audio .mejs-time-rail{direction:ltr;padding-top:5px;position:absolute;display:block;overflow:hidden;bottom:35px;width:calc(100% - 110px) !important;left:95px;background:#fff;border-radius:2px;height:5px !important}.mejs-audio .mejs-time-rail span{display:block;position:absolute;top:0;height:5px;border-radius:2px;cursor:pointer}.mejs-audio .mejs-time-rail .mejs-time-total{width:100% !important;background:#fff}.mejs-audio .mejs-time-rail .mejs-time-current{background:#00aeef}.mejs-audio .mejs-volume-button{display:none;position:absolute;bottom:14px;right:60px;width:20px;height:12px;overflow:hidden}.mejs-audio .mejs-horizontal-volume-slider{position:absolute;bottom:14px;right:16px;width:20px;height:12px;overflow:hidden;background: url(f96525a60339d93b2bee1854d72a3d28e0cd96ac.svg)  repeat-x}.mejs-audio .mejs-horizontal-volume-current{height:20px;background: url(f908c198d59b531a3f2653602772c67cb84e196c.svg)  repeat-x}.mejs-audio .mejs-horizontal-volume-handle{height:20px}.mejs-audio .mejs-controls{position:relative;list-style-type:none;margin:0;padding:0;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;height:80px}.mejs-audio .mejs-play ~ .mejs-currenttime-container{display:none}.mejs-audio .mejs-pause ~ .mejs-duration-container{display:none}.mejs-audio .mejs-play,.mejs-audio .mejs-pause{background:#c8bdb3;top:0;position:absolute}.mejs-audio .mejs-play button,.mejs-audio .mejs-pause button{position:absolute;top:15px;bottom:0;left:15px;right:0;border-radius:50%;background:#00aeef;width:50px;height:50px;outline:0;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);box-shadow:inset 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.1)}.mejs-audio .mejs-play button:after,.mejs-audio .mejs-pause button:after{margin:auto;position:absolute;color:#bfe4f2;font-size:1rem}.mejs-audio .mejs-play button:after{content: url(2dfa97e9c735d5309212d0b63963b80f4a286580.svg) ;width:28px;top:11px;left:13px}.mejs-audio .mejs-pause button:after{content: url(9630f40c15d386af55ea8d77b0173c18af841a74.svg) ;width:18px;top:11px;left:16px}.alert--success{color:#2c572d;background:#dff0d8;border:1px solid #c1e2b3;font-size:.875rem}.alert--info{color:#31708f;background:#d9edf7;border:1px solid #afd9ee;font-size:.875rem}.alert--warn{color:#8a6d3b;background:#fcf8e3;border:1px solid #f7ecb5;font-size:.875rem}.alert--error{color:#a94442;background:#f2dede;border:1px solid #e4b9b9;font-size:.875rem}.alert--subtle{color:#fff;background:#86afc4;border:1px solid #6498b3;font-size:.875rem}.alert{padding:1.2rem 15px 15px 15px;line-height:1;width:100%;display:block;margin:15px 0}.alert a{text-decoration:underline;color:inherit}.alert--subtle{text-align:center}.alert:first-child{margin-top:0}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.primary .alert--subtle{margin-bottom:30px}}.auxnav{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:flex;-ms-flex-align:flex;align-items:flex;-webkit-box-ordinal-group:2;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;width:100%}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.auxnav{-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end}}.auxnav__list{width:100%}@media (min-width: 48rem){.auxnav__list{display:block;width:100%;margin-top:49px}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.auxnav__list{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;list-style:none;-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;margin-top:0}.auxnav__list li{border-right:1px solid #ccc;line-height:1}.auxnav__list li:last-child{border-right:0}.auxnav__list a{display:block;padding:0 7.5px}.auxnav__list a:hover{color:#999}.auxnav__list li:last-child a{border-right:0;padding-right:0}}.auxnav__list a{color:#fff;font-weight:bold;padding:.25em 1rem;display:block}.auxnav__list a:hover{color:#fff}@media (min-width: 48rem){.auxnav__list a{font-family:"Benton Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal;padding:.35em 1rem .3em .5rem;display:block}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.auxnav__list a{color:#999;font-size:.75rem;font-family:"Benton Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;line-height:.75rem;padding:0 .75rem 0 .6rem}}.nav-footer{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;width:100%;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row;flex-flow:row;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;font-weight:bold;font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem}.nav-footer>li{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;margin-right:30px}.nav-footer>li:last-child{margin-right:0}.nav-footer>li ul{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:15px}@media (min-width: 48rem){.nav-footer>li ul{margin-top:1rem;margin-bottom:0}}@media (min-width: 48rem){.nav-footer{-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row}}.nav-footer a{color:#fff}.nav-footer .social__list a{color:#fff}.nav-footer__subnav{display:block;font-size:.75rem;width:100%;margin-top:15px;margin-bottom:0}.nav-footer__subnav a{color:#999}.nav-interior{margin:15px 0;padding:15px 0;border-top:1px solid #e6e6e6;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6;line-height:1.1}.nav-interior:first-of-type{border-top:none;padding-top:0;margin-top:0}.nav-interior li{margin-bottom:7.5px}.nav-interior+.nav-interior{border-top:0;padding-top:0}.nav-interior .overline+ul,.nav-interior .ui-widget-header+ul,.nav-interior .ctools-collapsible-handle+ul,.nav-interior .highwire-markup .compilation-overline+ul,.highwire-markup .nav-interior .compilation-overline+ul{margin-bottom:0}.nav-interior ul{margin-top:7.5px;padding:0 0 0 .2rem;font-size:.9375rem;list-style:disc;margin-left:15px;color:#666}.nav-interior ul:first-of-type:first-child{padding-top:0}.nav-interior ul ul{padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0}.nav-interior .is-collapsed{display:none}.nav-interior .is-collapsible{position:relative}.nav-interior .is-collapsible:before{background:#fff;display:inline-block;content:"▶";left:-1.3rem;top:.1rem;color:#b3b3b3;text-align:center;line-height:1rem;position:absolute;font-size:.625rem;-webkit-transition:.25s all ease;transition:.25s all ease;-webkit-transform-origin:50%;transform-origin:50%;width:1rem;height:1rem}.nav-interior .target-is-expanded:before{-webkit-transform:rotate(90deg);transform:rotate(90deg)}.nav-interior .target-is-collapsed:before{-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg);transform:rotate(0deg)}.nav-primary{position:relative;width:100%;font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.topnav{-webkit-box-align:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;-ms-grid-row-align:stretch;align-items:stretch;position:static}.topnav .form--searchbar{height:100%}@media (min-width: 48rem){.topnav{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.topnav{border-bottom:54px solid #000}}.topnav a{color:#fff;display:block}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.topnav a{padding:3px 23px 0 23px;line-height:2.625rem;min-width:110px;display:inline-block;text-align:center}}.topnav__item{font-weight:bold;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 0 20px;flex:1 0 20px;min-width:0}.topnav__item>a{display:block;padding:.25em 1rem}@media (min-width: 48rem){.topnav__item>a{padding:0}}.topnav__item:last-child{display:none}@media (min-width: 48rem){.topnav__item{padding:.5rem 1rem .25rem .5rem;font-size:1.375rem}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.topnav__item{padding:0;font-size:1.125rem;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto}.topnav__item.current{background:#6e110b;z-index:3}.topnav__item:hover{background:#9c1910}.topnav__item:hover .subnav{z-index:4}.topnav__item:last-child{max-height:42px;padding:8px 0;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.topnav__item:last-child:hover{background:#ca2015}}.subnav{display:block}@media (min-width: 48rem){.subnav{padding-bottom:1rem}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.subnav{position:absolute;display:none;z-index:1;left:0;margin:0 auto;background:#000;width:100%;padding-bottom:0}.current .subnav,.topnav__item:hover .subnav{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}}.subnav a{display:block;padding:.25rem 2rem;font-size:1rem}@media (min-width: 48rem){.subnav a{line-height:1.375rem;font-size:1.125rem;padding:.35em 1rem .25rem 0;font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.subnav a{display:inline-block;padding:3px 10px;line-height:3rem;min-width:110px;font-size:.875rem}.subnav a:hover{background:#333}}.subnav__item{font-weight:normal;position:relative;display:block}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.subnav__item.current:after{content:" ";position:absolute;bottom:8px;z-index:1;width:50%;left:25%;border-bottom:4px solid #c00}}.pagination{margin-top:15px;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;border-top:1px solid #e6e6e6;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.pagination{margin-top:30px}}.pagination li{padding:.5rem .75rem}.pagination .ellipsis:before{display:inline-block;padding:0 1em;content:"\2026"}.promo-foot__cover{display:block;-webkit-transform:rotate(-4deg);transform:rotate(-4deg);width:50%;height:auto;-ms-flex-item-align:start;align-self:flex-start;margin:0 auto}@media (min-width: 48rem){.promo-foot__cover{width:auto;max-width:140px}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.promo-foot__cover{max-width:100%}}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.promo-foot__cover{max-width:140px;margin-bottom:-1rem;position:absolute}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.promo-foot__cover{max-width:200px}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.container--promo h3{margin-top:0}}.section-title{display:block;width:100%;color:gray;line-height:1;margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;overflow:hidden;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 0 100%;flex:1 0 100%}@media (min-width: 48rem){.section-title{margin-bottom:0}}.primary .section-title{margin-bottom:15px}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.primary .section-title{margin-bottom:30px}}.section-title+.layout-item,.section-title+.alert{margin-top:0}.section-title__headline{font-size:3rem;font-weight:bold;margin-top:15px;margin-bottom:0;font-size:2rem;line-height:1.1;font-family:"Benton Sans Comp","Benton Sans Comp old","DIN Condensed","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}@media (min-width: 48rem){.section-title__headline{font-size:3.5rem;margin-top:0;display:inline-block;padding:0 7.5px 0 0}}.section-title__tagline{font-weight:normal;font-size:.75rem;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase;color:gray;margin:0 0 15px 0}@media (min-width: 48rem){.section-title__tagline{display:inline-block;font-size:1rem;margin:0;line-height:1.2}}.site-logo--header{min-width:0%;display:none}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.site-logo--header{padding:20px 20px 30px 20px;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.site-logo--science img,.site-logo--robotics img,.site-logo--advances img,.site-logo--stm img{max-height:96px}.site-logo--signaling img,.site-logo--immunology img{max-height:200px;display:block}}.link--journal{display:block}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.link--journal{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 1 auto;flex:0 1 auto;-ms-flex-item-align:end;align-self:flex-end}.link--journal img{width:100%;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;display:block;height:auto;-ms-flex-item-align:end;align-self:flex-end}.link--journal+.link--aaas{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 60px;flex:0 0 60px}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.site-logo--science .link--journal{-ms-flex-preferred-size:344px;flex-basis:344px}.header__header .site-logo--science .link--journal{-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.site-logo--advances .link--journal{-ms-flex-preferred-size:757px;flex-basis:757px}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.site-logo--immunology .link--journal{-ms-flex-preferred-size:727px;flex-basis:727px;margin-bottom:-13px}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.site-logo--immunology .link--journal{-ms-flex-preferred-size:787px;flex-basis:787px;margin-bottom:-17px}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.site-logo--robotics .link--journal{-ms-flex-preferred-size:700px;flex-basis:700px}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.site-logo--signaling .link--journal{-ms-flex-preferred-size:580px;flex-basis:580px;margin-bottom:-17px}}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.site-logo--signaling .link--journal{-ms-flex-preferred-size:700px;flex-basis:700px;margin-bottom:-24px}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.site-logo--signaling .link--journal{-ms-flex-preferred-size:760px;flex-basis:760px}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.site-logo--stm .link--journal{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1}}.link--aaas{display:none}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.link--aaas{-ms-flex-item-align:end;align-self:flex-end;display:block;margin-left:15px;max-height:20px}}.site-logo--footer{display:block;height:auto;min-height:1px}.site-logo--footer img{min-height:1px;height:auto;width:100%;display:block}.share-title{text-align:center;color:#ca2015;text-transform:uppercase;margin:0 0 15px 0;font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;display:none}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.share-title{display:block;font-size:1.25rem}}.social{margin-bottom:1.5rem;-webkit-box-ordinal-group:3;-ms-flex-order:2;order:2}.social__icon{font-size:.875rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;width:1.5rem;height:1.5rem;text-align:center;color:#ccc;border-radius:50%;background:#666}.social__icon:hover{color:#fff;background:#37588A}.social__icon--small{width:1.5rem;height:1.5rem}.social__icon--large{width:2rem;height:2rem}.social__shares .social__icon{font-size:1.2rem;width:2rem;height:2rem;color:#fff;background:#999}.social__shares .social__icon:hover{background:#37588A}.social-block{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-bottom:15px}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.social-block{margin-bottom:30px}}.social-block .social__icon{width:2rem;height:2rem;margin-right:15px}.socialshares{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin:0 0 15px 0;-ms-flex-pack:distribute;justify-content:space-around}@media (min-width: 48rem){.socialshares{-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.socialshares{display:block}}.socialshares a{margin:0 auto}.socialshares .social__icon{width:2rem;height:2rem}.socialshares li{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:baseline;-ms-flex-align:baseline;align-items:baseline}.socialshares li:not(:first-child){margin-left:7.5px}@media (min-width: 48rem){.socialshares li:not(:first-child){margin-left:30px}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.socialshares li:not(:first-child){margin-left:0}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.socialshares li{display:block;margin-left:0;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column}}.social__list{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.social__list{-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row}}.header__aux .social__list{-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end}.social__list li{margin-right:1rem;padding:.25em 1rem}.social__list li:last-child{margin-right:0}@media (min-width: 48rem){.social__list li{padding:.35em 1rem .3em .5rem}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.social__list li{padding:0}}.social__shares li{margin-bottom:1rem}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.social__shares{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center}}.social__count{margin-top:.25rem;margin-left:7.5px;display:block;font-size:.75rem;text-align:center;color:#999}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.social__count{margin-left:0;display:block;margin-bottom:15px}}.sticky-header{background:#000;padding:.5rem;height:3rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;position:fixed;z-index:5;left:0;right:0;width:100%;-webkit-transition:.4s transform ease;transition:.4s transform ease;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;max-width:80rem;margin:0 auto;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-line-pack:start;align-content:flex-start}@media (min-width: 48rem){.sticky-header{padding:0}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.sticky-header{height:75px}}.sticky-header .btn--uptoggle{display:none}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.sticky-header .btn--uptoggle{display:block}}.sticky-header__logo{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}@media (min-width: 48rem){.sticky-header__logo{padding:7.5px;line-height:0}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.sticky-header__logo{padding:15px}}.sticky-header__link img{height:2rem;padding-right:15px}@media (min-width: 48rem){.sticky-header__link img{padding-right:0}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.sticky-header--stm .sticky-header__link img{height:0px;min-height:1.5rem}}@media (min-width: 48rem){.sticky-header__link{-ms-flex-item-align:end;align-self:flex-end}}.sticky-header__nav{display:none}@media (min-width: 48rem){.sticky-header__nav{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-flex:2;-ms-flex:2 1 auto;flex:2 1 auto;line-height:1.5}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.sticky-header--stm+.sticky-header__nav{line-height:1.5}}@media (min-width: 80rem){.sticky-header--stm+.sticky-header__nav{line-height:1.5}}.sticky-header--immunology+.sticky-header__nav{line-height:1.8}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.sticky-header--immunology+.sticky-header__nav{line-height:1.9}}.sticky-header--signaling+.sticky-header__nav{line-height:2.1}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.sticky-header--signaling+.sticky-header__nav{line-height:1.9}}.sticky-header__navlist{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.sticky-header__navitem{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end}.sticky-header__navitem a{color:#fff;font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;font-weight:bold;margin:0 7.5px;padding-bottom:2px}@media (min-width: 48rem){.sticky-header__navitem a{margin:0 7.5px}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.sticky-header__navitem a{font-size:1.5rem;padding-bottom:7px;margin:0 15px}}.form-search--sticky{display:none}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.form-search--sticky{display:block;margin:15px 15px 0 0}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.sticky-header-is-hidden{-webkit-transform:translateY(-75px);transform:translateY(-75px)}}.tabbed{margin:15px 0;padding:0}.tabbed:first-child{margin-top:0}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.tabbed{margin:0 0 15px 0;padding-right:0}}.tabbed__list{width:100%;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.tabbed__list a{display:block}.stretch .tabbed__list li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%}.tabbed--primary{margin-bottom:2px}.tabbed--primary .tabbed__list{-webkit-box-align:end;-ms-flex-align:end;-ms-grid-row-align:flex-end;align-items:flex-end}.tabbed--primary ~ .tabbed__panels{background:#f7f5f0}.tabbed--primary ~ .tabbed__panels:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}.tabbed--primary a{padding:1rem 15px 0.8rem;color:gray;background:#e0dbd5;border-radius:2px 2px 0 0;line-height:1}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.tabbed--primary a{padding:15px 30px}}.tabbed--primary li{font-size:1rem;font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;line-height:1;margin-right:2px}@media (min-width: 48rem){.tabbed--primary li{font-size:1.3125rem}}.tabbed--primary li.active a{background:#f7f5f0}.tabbed--secondary{overflow:hidden}.tabbed--secondary .tabbed__list{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;align-items:stretch;-webkit-box-shadow:0 -6px 5px -5px rgba(0,0,0,0.05) inset;box-shadow:0 -6px 5px -5px rgba(0,0,0,0.05) inset;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6}.tabbed--secondary .tabbed__list li{line-height:1;padding:7.5px;color:#37588A;font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:1rem;z-index:1;top:1px;position:relative;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto}.tabbed--secondary .tabbed__list li:before{content:"";border-left:1px solid #e6e6e6;position:absolute;left:0;top:.3rem;height:1.25rem}.tabbed--secondary .tabbed__list li:first-of-type:before,.tabbed--secondary .tabbed__list li.active+li:before,.tabbed--secondary .tabbed__list li.active:before{border-left:0}.tabbed--secondary .tabbed__list li:first-child a{padding-left:0}.tabbed--secondary .tabbed__list li:last-child a{padding-right:0}.tabbed--secondary .tabbed__list li.active{background:white;border:1px solid #e6e6e6;border-bottom:1px solid white;-webkit-box-shadow:0 5px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);box-shadow:0 5px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);z-index:2}.tabbed--secondary .tabbed__list li.active a{color:#333}.tabbed--secondary .tabbed__list li.active:last-child{-webkit-box-shadow:0 5px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);box-shadow:0 5px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.2)}.tabbed--secondary .tabbed__list li:first-child{border-left:0}.tabbed--secondary .tabbed__list li:last-child{border-right:0}.tabbed--secondary ~ .tabbed__panels{background:#fff;padding:15px 0 0 0}.tabbed--standout .tabbed__list li{font-size:1rem;font-weight:bold}.tabbed--article{font-weight:bold;border-top:1px solid #e6e6e6;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6;display:block;margin:15px 0}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.tabbed--article{margin:30px 0}}.tabbed--article .tabbed__list{display:block;font-size:.75rem}@media (min-width: 48rem){.tabbed--article .tabbed__list{font-size:.875rem;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-pack:distribute;justify-content:space-around;-ms-flex-line-pack:start;align-content:flex-start}}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.tabbed--article .tabbed__list{font-size:1.125rem}}.tabbed--article li{display:inline-block;margin:3.75px 3.75px}@media (min-width: 48rem){.tabbed--article li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 1 auto;flex:0 1 auto;margin-bottom:0}}.tabbed--article li.pdf:last-of-type{margin-left:auto}.tabbed--article .fa{color:#ca2015}.tabbed--article .active .fa{color:#fff}@media (min-width: 48rem){.tabbed--article .active .fa{color:#ca2015}}.tabbed--article a{color:#666;background:#e6e6e6;border:1px solid #b3b3b3;padding:7.5px 15px}@media (min-width: 48rem){.tabbed--article a{border:0;padding:7.5px 0;margin:7.5px 0;background:transparent;color:gray}}.tabbed--article .active a{background:#ca2015;color:#fff;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.3)}@media (min-width: 48rem){.tabbed--article .active a{border:0;background:transparent;color:#ca2015}}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.tabbed__grid{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap}}.tabbed__grid li{padding:15px;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.tabbed__grid li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;max-width:50%}.tabbed__grid li:nth-child(2n+1){border-right:1px solid #e6e6e6}.tabbed__grid li:nth-last-child(-n+2){border-bottom:0}}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.tabbed__grid li{padding:30px 30px 22.5px 30px}}.meta-line,.highwire-markup .kwd-group,.highwire-markup .kwd-group-title,.promo-foot__meta,.meta-line--more,.doi-line{font-size:.75rem;color:#666;margin:15px 0;width:100%;line-height:1.1}.meta-line:last-child,.highwire-markup .kwd-group:last-child,.highwire-markup .kwd-group-title:last-child,.promo-foot__meta:last-child,.meta-line--more:last-child,.doi-line:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.meta-line--more{text-align:right}.sourceline{font-weight:bold;font-size:.875rem}.sourceline a{color:#999}.priority-2 .excerpt{font-size:.875rem}.pullquote{padding:1rem 3rem 1rem 4rem;border-color:#999;border-style:solid;border-width:3px 0;color:#333;margin:1.5rem 0;clear:both}.pullquote p{font-size:1.1rem;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;color:#333;position:relative;line-height:24px;margin:0 0 7.5px 0}.pullquote p:before,.pullquote p:after{font-size:4.5rem;color:#999;line-height:0;position:absolute}.pullquote p:before{content:"“";left:-2.5rem;top:1.8rem}.pullquote p:after{content:"”";display:inline-block;bottom:-.5rem}.pullquote footer{text-align:right;font-style:italic;font-size:.875rem}.priority-2 li,.priority-2 dd{font-size:.875rem;margin:0}.timeline,.timeline--archive{position:relative;font-weight:bold;font-family:"Benton Sans Comp","Benton Sans Comp old","DIN Condensed","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;border:1px solid #e6e6e6;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:column wrap;flex-flow:column wrap}.timeline a,.timeline--archive a,.timeline .empty>span,.timeline--archive .empty>span{line-height:1.5;display:block}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.timeline,.timeline--archive{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;font-size:1.25rem;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.8);box-shadow:0 0 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.8)}.timeline a,.timeline--archive a,.timeline .empty>span,.timeline--archive .empty>span{line-height:1.5;padding:.5em}}.timeline__years,.issue-browser.years.active{position:absolute;top:0;left:50%;width:50%;height:100%;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6;background:#e6e6e6;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:column wrap;flex-flow:column wrap;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.timeline__years,.issue-browser.years.active{width:100%;z-index:1;top:auto;left:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-box-shadow:0 10px 10px -10px rgba(0,0,0,0.8) inset;box-shadow:0 10px 10px -10px rgba(0,0,0,0.8) inset}}.timeline__year a,.issue-browser.years>.year a{padding-left:1em}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.timeline__year,.issue-browser.years>.year{min-width:10%}.timeline__year a,.issue-browser.years>.year a{padding-left:.5em}}.timeline__decade>a,.issue-browser.decades>.decade>a{position:relative;max-width:50%;padding-left:1em}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.timeline__decade>a,.issue-browser.decades>.decade>a{max-width:100%;padding-left:.5em}}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.timeline__decade,.issue-browser.decades>.decade{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 0 auto;flex:1 0 auto;text-align:center;display:block}}.timeline__decade:hover .timeline__years,.issue-browser.decades>.decade:hover .timeline__years,.timeline__decade:hover .issue-browser.years.active,.issue-browser.decades>.decade:hover .issue-browser.years.active{z-index:2}.timeline__decade:hover>a,.issue-browser.decades>.decade:hover>a{z-index:3}.timeline__current,.issue-browser.decades>.decade.active>a,.issue-browser.decades>.decade.active:hover>a,.issue-browser.years>.year.active>a,.issue-browser.years>.year.active:hover>a,.timeline__decade:hover>a,.issue-browser.decades>.decade:hover>a,.timeline__decade a:hover,.issue-browser.decades>.decade a:hover{background:#37588A;color:#fff;position:relative}.timeline__current:after,.issue-browser.decades>.decade.active>a:after,.issue-browser.decades>.decade.active:hover>a:after,.issue-browser.years>.year.active>a:after,.issue-browser.years>.year.active:hover>a:after,.timeline__decade:hover>a:after,.issue-browser.decades>.decade:hover>a:after,.timeline__decade a:hover:after,.issue-browser.decades>.decade a:hover:after{content:" ";position:absolute;right:-.5em;top:calc(50% - .5em);width:1em;height:1em;background:#37588A;-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg)}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.timeline__current:after,.issue-browser.decades>.decade.active>a:after,.issue-browser.decades>.decade.active:hover>a:after,.issue-browser.years>.year.active>a:after,.issue-browser.years>.year.active:hover>a:after,.timeline__decade:hover>a:after,.issue-browser.decades>.decade:hover>a:after,.timeline__decade a:hover:after,.issue-browser.decades>.decade a:hover:after{width:.5rem;height:.5rem;top:auto;bottom:-.25rem;left:calc(50% - .25rem);z-index:4}}.timeline--archive{-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;margin:0 0 15px 30px;border-right-width:0}.timeline--archive>div{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;max-width:50%}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.timeline--archive{-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;margin:0 45px 15px;border-right-width:1px;border-bottom-width:0}.timeline--archive>div{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;max-width:none}.timeline--archive .bx-viewport{height:auto !important}}.timeline--archive .bx-prev,.timeline--archive .bx-next{position:absolute;left:-2em;padding:0 .5em;-webkit-transform:rotate(90deg);transform:rotate(90deg)}.timeline--archive .bx-prev{top:0}.timeline--archive .bx-next{top:1.5em}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.timeline--archive .bx-prev,.timeline--archive .bx-next{left:auto;top:0;padding:.5em;-webkit-transform:none;transform:none}.timeline--archive .bx-prev{left:-1.5em}.timeline--archive .bx-next{right:-1.5em}}.bx-controls-direction .disabled{opacity:.5;cursor:default}.bx-controls-direction .disabled:hover,.bx-controls-direction .disabled:focus{color:#37588A}.issue-browser.decades{padding:0 15px 0 0;z-index:4}.issue-browser.decades:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.issue-browser.decades{padding:0 0 15px 0}}.issue-browser.decades>.decade{max-width:100%}.issue-browser.decades>.decade>a{max-width:100%}.issue-browser.decades>.decade:hover>a{background:none;color:gray}.issue-browser.decades>.decade:hover>a:after{content:none}.issue-browser.years{display:none}.issue-browser.years.active{position:relative;left:0;height:auto;width:auto;margin-left:-15px}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.issue-browser.years.active{margin-left:0;margin-top:-15px;text-align:center}}.issue-browser.years>.year.empty>span:before{content:"-";color:#999;padding-left:1.5em}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.issue-browser.years>.year.empty>span:before{padding:.5em}}.issue-browser.years>.year:hover>a{color:gray}.tooltip,.ui-widget{background:#f7f5f0;-webkit-box-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);box-shadow:1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);padding:15px;margin:15px}.tooltip{position:absolute}.ui-widget-overlay{background:rgba(0,0,0,0.75)}.ui-button{background:gray;color:#fff}.ui-button:hover,.ui-button:focus{outline:1px dotted #666}.ui-button:active{-webkit-transform:translate(1px, 1px);transform:translate(1px, 1px);outline:0}.ui-button-icon-only .ui-icon{position:static;margin:0;text-indent:0}.ui-icon-closethick:after{content:"\2715"}.leaderboard__sitelicense{display:block}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.leaderboard__sitelicense{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 120px;flex:0 0 120px}}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.leaderboard__sitelicense{border-bottom:none;display:block;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 170px;flex:0 0 170px;margin-right:20px}}.sitelicense__logo{display:none}.sitelicense__logo img{margin:0 0 0 7.5px}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.sitelicense__logo{display:block}}.user-block{font-size:.75rem;font-family:"Benton Sans Cond","DIN Alternate","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;padding:7.5px 1rem 0;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap}.user-block+.sitelicense__logo img{margin-top:7.5px}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.user-block{padding:7.5px 10px 0 0}}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.user-block{-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;padding:7.5px 0 0 7.5px}}.user-block__welcome,.user-block__institution{color:#ccc;margin-right:15px}.user-block__welcome p,.user-block__institution p{margin:0 0 0.3em 0}.user-block__nav li{font-family:"Benton Sans Comp","Benton Sans Comp old","DIN Condensed","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;line-height:1;display:inline}.user-block__nav li:after{content:"\0020\2022";padding:0 .3em 0 .5em;color:#fff}.user-block__nav li:last-child:after{content:none}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.user-block__nav li{display:block;margin:0.3em 0}.user-block__nav li:after{content:none}}.user-block__nav a{color:#ccc}.promo__mag{display:none}@media (min-width: 75rem){.promo__mag{display:block}}.promo__offers{padding-top:0}@media (min-width: 64.0625rem){.promo__offers{padding-left:10px}}@media (min-width: 68.75rem){.promo__offers{padding-left:0}}@media (min-width: 75rem){.promo__offers{padding-left:15px}}.promo__offers>ul>li:first-child{margin:0}.promo__offers li:last-child:after{content:none}@media (min-width: 75rem){.promo__offers li:last-child:after{content:""}}#autocomplete{border:1px solid;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;z-index:100}#autocomplete ul{list-style:none;list-style-image:none;margin:0;padding:0}#autocomplete li{background:#fff;color:#000;cursor:default;white-space:pre;zoom:1}html.js input.form-autocomplete{background-image: url(be1054c36e0a2e3affd3026fed9d7439be3be753.png) ;background-position:100% center;background-position:right 0.65rem center;background-repeat:no-repeat}html.js input.throbbing{background-image: url(4d351a0aed15d9835c8433e9f568442fb25031d6.gif) ;background-position:100% center;background-position:right 0.65rem center}html.js fieldset.collapsed{border-bottom-width:0;border-left-width:0;border-right-width:0;height:1em}html.js fieldset.collapsed .fieldset-wrapper{display:none}fieldset.collapsible{position:relative}fieldset.collapsible .fieldset-legend{display:block}.form-textarea-wrapper textarea{display:block;margin:0;width:100%;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}.resizable-textarea .grippie{background:#eee url(2bf1d43a469a3013420e6e433a1623bd613b139c.png)  no-repeat center 2px;border:1px solid #ddd;border-top-width:0;cursor:s-resize;height:9px;overflow:hidden}body.drag{cursor:move}.draggable a.tabledrag-handle{cursor:move;float:left;height:1.7em;margin-left:-1em;overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none}a.tabledrag-handle:hover{text-decoration:none}a.tabledrag-handle .handle{background: url(5d82e6d782c6192c6d67ebfdbfac0ccc474f59eb.png)  no-repeat 6px 9px;height:13px;margin:-0.4em 0.5em;padding:0.42em 0.5em;width:13px}a.tabledrag-handle-hover .handle{background-position:6px -11px}div.indentation{float:left;height:1.7em;margin:-0.4em 0.2em -0.4em -0.4em;padding:0.42em 0 0.42em 0.6em;width:20px}div.tree-child{background: url(ae33fa975f8d7b1d517033e3185a4cb2c51d03ca.png)  no-repeat 11px center}div.tree-child-last{background: url(95d11b1b9f7ef6f8f5e335283b653a0179c103c1.png)  no-repeat 11px center}div.tree-child-horizontal{background: url(ae33fa975f8d7b1d517033e3185a4cb2c51d03ca.png)  no-repeat -11px center}.tabledrag-toggle-weight-wrapper{text-align:right}table.sticky-header{background-color:#fff;margin-top:0}.progress .bar{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid}.progress .filled{background-color:#000;height:1.5em;width:5px}.progress .percentage{float:right}.ajax-progress{display:inline-block}.ajax-progress .throbber{background:transparent url(4d351a0aed15d9835c8433e9f568442fb25031d6.gif)  no-repeat 0px center;float:left;height:15px;margin:2px;width:15px}.ajax-progress .message{padding-left:20px}tr .ajax-progress .throbber{margin:0 2px}.ajax-progress-bar{width:16em}.container-inline div,.container-inline label,.container-inline .fieldset-description{display:inline}.container-inline .fieldset-wrapper{display:block}.nowrap{white-space:nowrap}html.js .js-hide{display:none}.element-hidden{display:none}.element-invisible{position:absolute !important;overflow:hidden;width:0px !important;height:0px !important;max-width:1px !important;max-height:1px !important;margin:0 !important;padding:0 !important;border:0 !important;border:0;clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px)}.element-invisible.element-focusable:active,.element-invisible.element-focusable:focus{position:static !important;clip:auto;overflow:visible;height:auto;width:auto}.clearfix:after{content:".";display:block;height:0;clear:both;visibility:hidden}* html .clearfix{height:1%}*:first-child+html .clearfix{min-height:1%}.facetapi-facetapi-links{list-style:disc;margin-left:22.5px;font-size:.9375rem}.facetapi-facetapi-links .leaf{line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:7.5px}.form-required>label:after,.form-required>.fieldset-description:after{content:"*\0020"}.form-actions button+button{margin-left:7.5px}.vertical-tabs .form-type-textfield input{width:inherit}nav.auxnav>.contextual-links-region{display:inherit}.links.inline>li{display:inline-block;padding-right:15px;*display:inline;*zoom:1}.row .container .primary>.contextual-links-region.fix-flex,.row .shib-login-link .primary>.contextual-links-region.fix-flex,.row .openathens-login-link .primary>.contextual-links-region.fix-flex{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;width:100%}.row--hero .container>*,.row--hero .shib-login-link>*,.row--hero .openathens-login-link>*,.section-title,.view-carousels-and-sliders-block-2,.view-carousels-and-sliders-block-4{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 0 100%;flex:1 0 100%}.ajax-progress{font-size:.75rem}fieldset{margin-bottom:15px}fieldset.collapsible{border:1px solid #e6e6e6}fieldset.collapsible .fieldset-title{padding:2px 5px}fieldset.collapsible .fieldset-title:before{content:"\25BC";font-size:.625rem;padding-right:5px}fieldset.collapsible.collapsed .fieldset-title:before{content:"\25B6";font-size:.5625rem}.fieldset-wrapper{margin:0 30px 30px}html.js fieldset.collapsed{height:auto}.form-type-radio>label,.form-type-radio>.fieldset-description,.form-type-checkbox>label,.form-type-checkbox>.fieldset-description{position:relative;padding-left:25px}.form-type-radio>label>input[type="radio"],.form-type-radio>.fieldset-description>input[type="radio"],.form-type-checkbox>label>input[type="checkbox"],.form-type-checkbox>.fieldset-description>input[type="checkbox"]{position:absolute;left:0}.pane-list .item-list>li:last-child,.pane-list .highwire-toc-list>li:last-child,.pane-list .highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li:last-child,.pane-list .highwire-list-index-by-author>li:last-child,.pane-list .highwire-search-results-list>li:last-child{border-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0}.field-label-inline{margin:7.5px 0}@media (min-width: 30rem){.field-label-inline{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;-webkit-box-align:start;-ms-flex-align:start;align-items:flex-start}}.field-label{display:block;padding:0}@media (min-width: 30rem){.field-label-inline .field-label{width:30%;text-align:right;padding-right:15px}}th.field-label,td.field-label{display:table-cell}.field-items{width:100%;max-width:100%}@media (min-width: 30rem){.field-label-inline .field-items{width:70%}}.article__body .field-item li{margin-top:0}.item-list .item-list>li:last-child,.highwire-toc-list .item-list>li:last-child,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by .item-list>li:last-child,.highwire-list-index-by-author .item-list>li:last-child,.highwire-search-results-list .item-list>li:last-child,.item-list .highwire-toc-list>li:last-child,.highwire-toc-list .highwire-toc-list>li:last-child,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by .highwire-toc-list>li:last-child,.highwire-list-index-by-author .highwire-toc-list>li:last-child,.highwire-search-results-list .highwire-toc-list>li:last-child,.item-list .highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li:last-child,.highwire-toc-list .highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li:last-child,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by .highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li:last-child,.highwire-list-index-by-author .highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li:last-child,.highwire-search-results-list .highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li:last-child,.item-list .highwire-list-index-by-author>li:last-child,.highwire-toc-list .highwire-list-index-by-author>li:last-child,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by .highwire-list-index-by-author>li:last-child,.highwire-list-index-by-author .highwire-list-index-by-author>li:last-child,.highwire-search-results-list .highwire-list-index-by-author>li:last-child,.item-list .highwire-search-results-list>li:last-child,.highwire-toc-list .highwire-search-results-list>li:last-child,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by .highwire-search-results-list>li:last-child,.highwire-list-index-by-author .highwire-search-results-list>li:last-child,.highwire-search-results-list .highwire-search-results-list>li:last-child{border-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0}.overline+.item-list li:first-child,.ui-widget-header+.item-list li:first-child,.ctools-collapsible-handle+.item-list li:first-child,.highwire-markup .compilation-overline+.item-list li:first-child,.overline+.highwire-toc-list li:first-child,.ui-widget-header+.highwire-toc-list li:first-child,.ctools-collapsible-handle+.highwire-toc-list li:first-child,.highwire-markup .compilation-overline+.highwire-toc-list li:first-child,.overline+.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by li:first-child,.ui-widget-header+.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by li:first-child,.ctools-collapsible-handle+.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by li:first-child,.highwire-markup .compilation-overline+.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by li:first-child,.overline+.highwire-list-index-by-author li:first-child,.ui-widget-header+.highwire-list-index-by-author li:first-child,.ctools-collapsible-handle+.highwire-list-index-by-author li:first-child,.highwire-markup .compilation-overline+.highwire-list-index-by-author li:first-child,.overline+.highwire-search-results-list li:first-child,.ui-widget-header+.highwire-search-results-list li:first-child,.ctools-collapsible-handle+.highwire-search-results-list li:first-child,.highwire-markup .compilation-overline+.highwire-search-results-list li:first-child{padding-top:0}.item-list>li>.overline,.highwire-toc-list>li>.overline,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li>.overline,.highwire-list-index-by-author>li>.overline,.highwire-search-results-list>li>.overline,.item-list>li>.ui-widget-header,.highwire-toc-list>li>.ui-widget-header,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li>.ui-widget-header,.highwire-list-index-by-author>li>.ui-widget-header,.highwire-search-results-list>li>.ui-widget-header,.item-list>li>.ctools-collapsible-handle,.highwire-toc-list>li>.ctools-collapsible-handle,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li>.ctools-collapsible-handle,.highwire-list-index-by-author>li>.ctools-collapsible-handle,.highwire-search-results-list>li>.ctools-collapsible-handle,.highwire-markup .item-list>li>.compilation-overline,.highwire-markup .highwire-toc-list>li>.compilation-overline,.highwire-markup .highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li>.compilation-overline,.highwire-markup .highwire-list-index-by-author>li>.compilation-overline,.highwire-markup .highwire-search-results-list>li>.compilation-overline{margin-bottom:0.5em}.box-standout,.article__body .highwire-markup .boxed-text,.article__body .highwire-markup .abstract,.article__body .highwire-markup .structured,.article__body .highwire-markup .editor-summary,.issue-toc-section-special-issue,.snippet-content>p{margin-bottom:15px}.panels-ajax-tab-container .pane-jnl-sci-challenge-pane>.pane-title:first-child,.row>.container>*>*:first-child,.row>.shib-login-link>*>*:first-child,.row>.openathens-login-link>*>*:first-child{margin-top:0}.pane-jnl-sci-challenge-pane .pane-content>.alert:first-child{margin-bottom:30px}.ctools-collapsible-container>.ctools-toggle{display:none}.ctools-collapsible-handle{position:relative;margin-bottom:0}.ctools-collapsible-handle:before{content:"+";background:#fff;color:#666;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1rem;width:1rem;height:1rem;display:inline-block;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;text-align:right;-webkit-transition:.25s all ease;transition:.25s all ease;-webkit-transform-origin:50%;transform-origin:50%;-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg)}.ctools-collapsed>.ctools-collapsible-handle:before{-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg);transform:rotate(0deg)}.pane-list{margin:15px 0;padding:15px 0;border-top:1px solid #e6e6e6;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6}.pane-list+.pane-list,.nav-interior+.pane-list,.pane-list+.nav-interior,.nav-interior+.sticky-wrapper>.nav-interior,.pane-list+.sticky-wrapper>.nav-interior{border-top:0;padding-top:0}.overline+.highwire-article-citation-list>.item-list:first-child>li:first-child,.ui-widget-header+.highwire-article-citation-list>.item-list:first-child>li:first-child,.ctools-collapsible-handle+.highwire-article-citation-list>.item-list:first-child>li:first-child,.highwire-markup .compilation-overline+.highwire-article-citation-list>.item-list:first-child>li:first-child,.overline+.highwire-article-citation-list>.highwire-toc-list:first-child>li:first-child,.ui-widget-header+.highwire-article-citation-list>.highwire-toc-list:first-child>li:first-child,.ctools-collapsible-handle+.highwire-article-citation-list>.highwire-toc-list:first-child>li:first-child,.highwire-markup .compilation-overline+.highwire-article-citation-list>.highwire-toc-list:first-child>li:first-child,.overline+.highwire-article-citation-list>.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by:first-child>li:first-child,.ui-widget-header+.highwire-article-citation-list>.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by:first-child>li:first-child,.ctools-collapsible-handle+.highwire-article-citation-list>.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by:first-child>li:first-child,.highwire-markup .compilation-overline+.highwire-article-citation-list>.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by:first-child>li:first-child,.overline+.highwire-article-citation-list>.highwire-list-index-by-author:first-child>li:first-child,.ui-widget-header+.highwire-article-citation-list>.highwire-list-index-by-author:first-child>li:first-child,.ctools-collapsible-handle+.highwire-article-citation-list>.highwire-list-index-by-author:first-child>li:first-child,.highwire-markup .compilation-overline+.highwire-article-citation-list>.highwire-list-index-by-author:first-child>li:first-child,.overline+.highwire-article-citation-list>.highwire-search-results-list:first-child>li:first-child,.ui-widget-header+.highwire-article-citation-list>.highwire-search-results-list:first-child>li:first-child,.ctools-collapsible-handle+.highwire-article-citation-list>.highwire-search-results-list:first-child>li:first-child,.highwire-markup .compilation-overline+.highwire-article-citation-list>.highwire-search-results-list:first-child>li:first-child{padding-top:0}.media--citation .media__deck p{margin:15px 0}.media--citation .media__body{margin-top:0}.media--citation .media__links{margin-top:7.5px;margin-left:0}.media--citation .media__links>li{border-right:0;padding-left:0}.media--citation .media__icon{margin-bottom:15px;padding-left:0}@media (min-width: 56.25rem){.media--citation .media__icon{margin-bottom:0;padding-left:30px}}.article__body .highwire-markup .structured>.subsection>h3:first-child{margin-top:1em}.article__body .highwire-markup .section.precis>p:first-child{margin-top:0}.article__body .highwire-markup .section.precis>p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.highwire-markup div.compilation>ol{list-style:none;list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.highwire-markup div.compilation>ol>li{border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6;margin-bottom:30px;padding-bottom:30px}.highwire-markup div.compilation>ol>li:last-child{border-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0}.highwire-markup .compilation-overline{display:block}.highwire-markup .contributor-list{margin:15px 0 7.5px}.highwire-markup .contributors .product,.highwire-markup .contributors .affiliation-list,.highwire-markup .contributors .affiliation-list-reveal,.highwire-markup .contributors .corresp-list,.highwire-markup .contributors .author-notes,.highwire-markup .contributors .fn-track{font-family:"Benton Sans","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:normal;line-height:1.1}.highwire-citation-jnl-sci-article .highwire-markup .contributors .product,.highwire-citation-jnl-sci-article .highwire-markup .contributors .affiliation-list,.highwire-citation-jnl-sci-article .highwire-markup .contributors .affiliation-list-reveal,.highwire-citation-jnl-sci-article .highwire-markup .contributors .corresp-list,.highwire-citation-jnl-sci-article .highwire-markup .contributors .author-notes,.highwire-citation-jnl-sci-article .highwire-markup .contributors .fn-track{font-size:.75rem}.highwire-markup .contributors .affiliation-list-reveal,.highwire-markup .contributors .corresp-list,.highwire-markup .contributors .author-notes p,.highwire-markup .contributors .fn-track p{margin:7.5px 0 0}.highwire-markup .contributors .affiliation-list>li{margin:7.5px 0}.highwire-markup .figure__options{margin:15px 0}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.highwire-markup .figure__options{margin-bottom:0}}.highwire-markup .figure__options ul{-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center}@media (min-width: 37.5rem){.highwire-markup .figure__options ul{-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start}}.highwire-markup .fig,.highwire-markup .table{border-top:1px solid #e6e6e6;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6;padding:15px 0;margin:30px 0}.highwire-markup .fig+.fig,.highwire-markup .fig+.table,.highwire-markup .table+.fig,.highwire-markup .table+.table,.highwire-markup .highwire-journal-article-marker-start+.fig,.highwire-markup .highwire-journal-article-marker-start+.table,.highwire-markup .highwire-journal-article-marker-start+.section.precis{margin-top:0;border-top:0;padding-top:0}.highwire-markup .table table,.highwire-markup .table-expansion table{table-layout:auto}.highwire-markup .table table[frame="hsides"] tbody tr,.highwire-markup .table-expansion table[frame="hsides"] tbody tr{border-top:1px solid #fff;border-bottom:1px solid #fff}.highwire-markup .fig.nonresearch-content{clear:right;border:0;padding:0}.highwire-markup .abstract-figure .abstract-graphic{margin:0 0 7.5px}.highwire-markup .abstract-figure .abstract-caption{font-size:.75rem;color:gray}.highwire-markup .disp-formula{display:block;margin:7.5px 0;text-align:center;position:relative}.highwire-markup .disp-formula>img.highwire-embed{padding:0 30px}.highwire-markup .disp-formula .MathJax_Display{margin:1em auto;padding:0.5em 0;width:calc(100% - 60px);overflow:auto}.highwire-markup .disp-formula-label{display:block;font-size:.75rem;text-align:right;width:30px;margin-top:-1em;padding-left:7.5px;position:absolute;top:50%;right:0}.highwire-markup .kwd-group+div{margin-top:22.5px}.highwire-markup .kwd-group-title:after{content:":\0020"}.highwire-markup a.xref-bibr,.highwire-markup a.xref-fig,.highwire-markup a.xref-table,.highwire-markup a.xref-list,.highwire-markup a.xref-disp-formula{font-weight:bold;text-decoration:none}.highwire-markup ol.cit-list{font-size:.875rem}.highwire-markup ol.cit-list>li{margin:15px 0;position:relative}.highwire-markup ol.cit-list>li>.rev-xref-ref{position:absolute}.highwire-markup ol.cit-list>li>.rev-xref-ref+.ref-cit>div:first-child,.highwire-markup ol.cit-list>li>.rev-xref-ref+span{padding-left:18px}.figure img.highwire-embed{display:inline;margin:0;width:auto}.fig-caption .fig-label,.fig-caption .caption-title{font-weight:bold}.fig-caption .fig-label{padding-right:5px}@media (min-width: 48rem){.nonresearch-content .fig-caption.attrib>p.first-child{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 75%;flex:1 1 75%;margin:0;padding:0 15px 0 0}.no-flexbox .nonresearch-content .fig-caption.attrib>p.first-child{display:table-cell;width:75%}}.fig-caption .attrib{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 25%;flex:1 1 25%;color:#4d4d4d;text-align:right;font-size:.625rem;margin:0}@media (min-width: 48rem){.carousel--media .fig-caption .attrib{color:#999}.no-flexbox .fig-caption .attrib{display:table-cell;width:25%}}.table,.table-expansion{font-size:.75rem;color:gray;display:block;max-width:100%;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}.table .callout>span:first-child,.table-expansion .callout>span:first-child{display:inline-block;margin:7.5px 0}.table-inline .callout-links{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;list-style:none;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex}.table-inline .callout-links li{border-right:1px solid #ccc;line-height:1}.table-inline .callout-links li:last-child{border-right:0}.table-inline .callout-links a{display:block;padding:0 7.5px}.table-inline .callout-links a:hover{color:#999}.table-inline .callout-links li:last-child a{border-right:0;padding-right:0}.table-inline+.table-expansion-inline{margin-top:7.5px}.table-caption .table-label,.table-caption .caption-title{font-weight:bold}.table-caption .table-label+.caption-title:before{content:"\0020"}.fig-data-group-title{margin:0 0 15px 0}.fig-data-list>li{border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6;margin-bottom:30px;padding-bottom:15px}.fig-data-list>li:last-child{border-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0}.fig-data-list .fig-expansion{border:0;margin:0;padding:0}.fig-data-list .table-expansion{padding-bottom:15px}.fig-data-list .fig-caption,.fig-data-list .table-caption{color:#000;font-size:1rem}.fig-data-jump-links .fig-data-jump-links-list{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;list-style:none;font-size:.75rem}.fig-data-jump-links .fig-data-jump-links-list li{border-right:1px solid #ccc;line-height:1}.fig-data-jump-links .fig-data-jump-links-list li:last-child{border-right:0}.fig-data-jump-links .fig-data-jump-links-list a{display:block;padding:0 7.5px}.fig-data-jump-links .fig-data-jump-links-list a:hover{color:#999}.fig-data-jump-links .fig-data-jump-links-list li:last-child a{border-right:0;padding-right:0}.fig-data-jump-links .fig-data-jump-links-list>li{border:0;margin:0;min-width:0;padding:0}.item-list>.issue-toc-section-special-issue,.highwire-toc-list>.issue-toc-section-special-issue,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>.issue-toc-section-special-issue,.highwire-list-index-by-author>.issue-toc-section-special-issue,.highwire-search-results-list>.issue-toc-section-special-issue,.item-list>.issue-toc-section-special-issue:first-child,.highwire-toc-list>.issue-toc-section-special-issue:first-child,.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>.issue-toc-section-special-issue:first-child,.highwire-list-index-by-author>.issue-toc-section-special-issue:first-child,.highwire-search-results-list>.issue-toc-section-special-issue:first-child{padding:15px}.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.item-list>.issue-toc-section:first-child,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.highwire-toc-list>.issue-toc-section:first-child,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>.issue-toc-section:first-child,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.highwire-list-index-by-author>.issue-toc-section:first-child,.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.highwire-search-results-list>.issue-toc-section:first-child{padding-top:15px}.issue-toc-section-special-issue .overline,.issue-toc-section-special-issue .ui-widget-header,.issue-toc-section-special-issue .ctools-collapsible-handle,.issue-toc-section-special-issue .highwire-markup .compilation-overline,.highwire-markup .issue-toc-section-special-issue .compilation-overline{color:#ca2015}.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-heading:first-child{text-transform:none;background:#333;color:#fff;line-height:1;margin:0 7.5px 0 0;padding:15px 7.5px;position:relative;top:-1px}@media (min-width: 30rem){.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-heading:first-child{float:left;margin-bottom:15px}}.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-section>li:first-child>.toc-heading:first-child{text-transform:none;margin-bottom:15px}.issue-toc-section-special-issue>.toc-section>li:first-child>.toc-heading:first-child+.toc-section{clear:both}.highwire-toc-list>li>.overline,.highwire-toc-list>li>.ui-widget-header,.highwire-toc-list>li>.ctools-collapsible-handle,.highwire-markup .highwire-toc-list>li>.compilation-overline{margin-bottom:0.5em}.highwire-toc-list .highwire-toc-list>li:last-child{border-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0}.highwire-list.highwire-cited-by>li .highwire-cite-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2;font-size:0.875rem;margin-bottom:0}.ui-cluetip.cluetip-article-ref-popup{font-size:.75rem}.cluetip-article-author-popup .cluetip-inner{font-size:.75rem}.cluetip-article-author-popup .cluetip-inner .author-tooltip-name{font-weight:bold}.cluetip-article-author-popup .cluetip-inner .author-tooltip-name,.cluetip-article-author-popup .cluetip-inner .author-tooltip-affiliation{margin-bottom:7.5px}.highwire-lens-button{color:#fff;margin-bottom:15px;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap}.highwire-lens-button a{text-align:left}.highwire-lens-button a,.highwire-lens-button a:hover,.highwire-lens-button a:focus{background-image: url(5f3a3216acbd8d9810d0fe83debb11787a2c78bd.svg) ;background-position:15px center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:auto 100%;padding-left:80px}.no-svg .highwire-lens-button a,.no-svg .highwire-lens-button a:hover,.no-svg .highwire-lens-button a:focus{background-image: url(8e6c6302355ec4e6e1527b05fac59f58e6632e07.png) }.no-flexbox .highwire-lens-button{display:table;height:76px;width:100%}.no-flexbox .highwire-lens-button .inner{display:table-row}.no-flexbox .highwire-lens-button a{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.no-flexbox .highwire-lens-button a span{vertical-align:middle}.overline__subject{color:#666;font-weight:normal;border-left:1px solid #e6e6e6;padding-left:7.5px;margin-left:7.5px}.highwire-index-by-author-links{font-family:"Benton Sans Comp","Benton Sans Comp old","DIN Condensed","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.highwire-index-by-author-links span{color:#999}.secondary .highwire-citation-jnl-sci-issue .media__icon{-ms-flex-preferred-size:8rem;flex-basis:8rem;padding-right:15px}.no-flexbox .secondary .highwire-citation-jnl-sci-issue .media__icon{width:128px;display:table-cell}.secondary .highwire-citation-jnl-sci-issue .variant-list li{font-size:0.75rem}.highwire-citation-jnl-sci-micro .highwire-cite-title div,.highwire-citation-jnl-sci-micro .highwire-cite-subtitle div{display:inline}*[id],.rev-xref-ref+*,.affiliation-list .aff>address{-webkit-transition:1s background-color ease-in-out 1s;transition:1s background-color ease-in-out 1s}input[id],select[id],textarea[id],button[id]{-webkit-transition:none;transition:none}.is-scroll-target,.is-scroll-target.rev-xref-ref+*,.affiliation-list .aff>.is-scroll-target+address{background-color:#fcf8e3;-webkit-transition:none;transition:none}#edit-controls-container{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}#edit-controls-container>button,#edit-controls-container>.form-item{margin:0 7.5px 7.5px 0}#edit-controls-container>button:last-child,#edit-controls-container>.form-item:last-child{margin-right:0}#edit-controls-container .field-container--inline{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;-ms-grid-row-align:center;align-items:center}#edit-controls-container .field-container--inline>label,#edit-controls-container .field-container--inline>.fieldset-description{margin-right:7.5px}.media-grid--archive{display:block}.media-grid--archive li{text-align:center;padding:0 22.5px 30px}.media-grid--archive>.issue-month-detail{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;list-style:none}.archive-title{margin:0}.media-grid--archive .archive-title{margin-bottom:15px}.pane-science-home-page-archive-tab{margin-bottom:15px}.highwire-citation-jnl-sci-issue-archive .highlight-image{width:100%;height:auto}.highwire-search-results-list .media__deck{margin:15px 0}.highwire-search-results-list>li:last-child{border-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0}.highwire_facet_count,.active-facet-label{padding-left:7.5px;font-size:.75rem;color:gray}.highwire_facet_count:before{content:"("}.highwire_facet_count:after{content:")"}.page-search .primary .section-title__headline{margin-bottom:15px}

/*# sourceMappingURL=style-jcore.css.map */